Soumatome 20 Lessons JLPT N4 Grammar Lesson 10: Continuous vs punctual actions & まで, までに

Lesson 10: Continuous vs punctual actions & まで, までに

Soumatome N4
8 Grammar Points
Point 1S20P_L10_G1

ポイント1-1: Verb Classification

A: State verbs

Examples: ある、いる (existence), できる (ability)、要いる (necessity)

Point 2S20P_L10_G2

ポイント1-1: Verb Classification

B: Action / event verbs

Includes 2 smaller types:

• Continuous verbs: Express actions or events that continue and do not end quickly in an instant.
Examples: 作つくる、読よむ、勉強べんきょうする、働はたらくなど

• Momentary verbs: Express actions or events in which the subject changes state in an instant.
Examples: 落おちる、止とまる、始はじまる、咲さくなど

Point 3S20P_L10_G3

ポイント1-2: Uses of Vている

(1) Continuous verb + ている

Expresses an action or event that is currently continuing.

Real Examples (1)
まり子こが本ほんを読よんでいます。
Mariko is reading a book.
Point 4S20P_L10_G4

ポイント1-2: Uses of Vている

(2) Momentary verb + ている

Expresses the resulting state after a change, with that state continuing.

Real Examples (2)
(1) りんごが落おちました。
An apple fell. (The action has just occurred)
(2) りんごが落おちています。
The apple has fallen. (The resulting state after falling)
Point 5S20P_L10_G5

ポイント2-1: Time Span and Time Point

Expressions of time span (幅)

(～から, ～まで, ～間あいだ, ～時間じかん など)
→ Used with verbs expressing continuous movement/actions.

Real Examples (1)
9時じから12時じまで仕事しごとをします。
I work from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m.
Point 6S20P_L10_G6

ポイント2-1: Time Span and Time Point

Expressions of a point in time (点)

(～に, ～までに, ～間あいだに など)
→ Used with verbs expressing a change or an action completed at a point in time.

Real Examples (1)
10時じに仕事しごとを始はじめます。
I start work at 10 a.m.
Point 7S20P_L10_G7

ポイント2-2: Following Verb Forms

継続性（Continuity）

• ～Vている: An action is continuing (continuous V) / the resulting state of a change continues (momentary V).
• ～Vてある: An object remains in the result state of an intentional action.
• ～V(ます)つづける: Continue doing something.

Real Examples (4)
リンさんは今いま、本ほんを読よんでいます。
Lin is reading a book now. (Continuous)
リンさんはめがねをかけています。
Lin is wearing glasses. (Resulting state of the momentary verb 'kakeru')
リンさんのかさには名前なまえが書かいてあります。
Lin's name is written on her umbrella. (Intentional resulting state)
朝あさからずっと運転うんてんしつづけて、疲つかれました。
I kept driving from the morning and became tired. (Continuous)
Point 8S20P_L10_G8

ポイント2-2: Following Verb Forms

瞬間性（Momentariness）

• ～V(ます)はじめる: Begin doing something.
• ～V(ます)おわる: Finish doing something.

Real Examples (2)
わたしは4歳さいのときピアノを習ならいはじめました。
I started learning the piano when I was four years old. (Momentary - beginning)
9時じにやっと宿題しゅくだいの本ほんを読よみ終おわりました。
I finally finished reading the assigned book at 9 o'clock. (Momentary - ending)
Lesson 9Back to Lessons ListLesson 11