Soumatome 20 Lessons JLPT N4 Grammar Lesson 11: Direction & change: ～てくる, ～ていく

Lesson 11: Direction & change: ～てくる, ～ていく

Soumatome N4
5 Grammar Points
Point 1S20P_L11_G1

ポイント1: 話はなす人ひとからの視点してん (Speaker's point of view)

Movement of the speaker or another person: 来くる / ～てくる ↔ 行いく / ～ていく

Japanese uses different expressions according to the speaker's position relative to an action or event.
Movement toward the speaker's position or time: 来る / ～てくる
Movement away from the speaker's position or time: 行く / ～ていく

Real Examples (2)
犬いぬが走はしってきました。
The dog came running.
犬いぬが走はしっていきました。
The dog ran away.
Point 2S20P_L11_G2

ポイント2: Common cases (Part 1)

(1) Movement after performing an action

Use ～てくる when an action is performed before coming or returning toward the speaker; use ～ていく when an action is performed before going away from the speaker.

Real Examples (3)
あした、朝あさの天気てんき予報よほうを見みてきてください。
Tomorrow, please check the morning weather forecast before coming.
ここに荷物にもつを置おいていこう。
Let's leave the luggage here and go.
駅前えきまえの店みせでラーメンを食たべてきました。
I ate ramen at the shop in front of the station before coming here.
Point 3S20P_L11_G3

ポイント2: Common cases (Part 2)

(2) Direction of movement (in, toward, or out)

～てくる describes movement toward the speaker's location; ～ていく describes movement away from the speaker's location.

Real Examples (4)
隣となりに有名ゆうめいな音楽家おんがくかが引ひっ越こししてきました。
A famous musician moved in next door.
あ、ねこが逃にげていくよ。
Ah, the cat is running away.
チンさんが遅おくれて教室きょうしつに入はいってきました。
Chin was late and came into the classroom.
松本まつもとさんは怒おこって、部屋へやを出でて行いきました。
Matsumoto got angry and left the room.
Point 4S20P_L11_G4

ポイント2: Common cases (Part 3)

(3) Information, objects, or events reaching the speaker

Use ～てくる when information, an object, a smell, a sound, or an event reaches or enters the speaker's perception.

Real Examples (2)
国くにから母ははがおかしを送おくってきました。
My mother sent me some sweets from my home country.
いいにおいがしてきましたね。
A nice smell is starting to come this way.
Point 5S20P_L11_G5

ポイント2: Common cases (Part 4)

(4) Change or continuation of a state

～てくる describes a change or continuing state from the past up to the present; ～ていく describes a change or state continuing from the present into the future.

Real Examples (4)
寒さむくなってきましたね。
It has been getting colder, hasn't it?
これから、留学生りゅうがくせいは増ふえていくでしょう。
From now on, the number of international students will probably continue to increase.
わたしはずっと父ちちの仕事しごとを手伝てつだってきました。
I have been helping my father with his work all this time.
これからもがんばっていきます。
I will continue to do my best from now on.
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