Soumatome 20 Lessons JLPT N4 Grammar Lesson 8: Offers, invitations, requests & advice

Used when the speaker is the person performing the action. ～ましょう can express the speaker's willingness to take on a task.

Used when the speaker offers help or volunteers to do something for the listener.

Use ～ましょう to invite the listener to do an action together.

Use ～ましょうか to suggest or invite the listener to do something together.

Use ～ませんか to invite the listener to do something together.

Use ～ませんか to invite the listener to do something.

Used to politely ask someone to do something.

Used to request or ask someone to do something. Often used among friends or from a superior to a subordinate.

In the pattern ～させてください, it is used to ask permission to let the speaker do something.

Used to request that someone not do something. Often used among friends or from a superior to a subordinate.

Used to advise or encourage someone to do something.

Used to advise or warn someone not to do something.

Used to make a suggestion or recommendation to someone.

The imperative form gives a direct, forceful command. It is limited to contexts such as emergencies, official commands, cheering, or suitable close relationships; do not use it as an ordinary polite request.

The dictionary form + な gives a direct, forceful prohibition. It is common on signs, in emergencies, or in shouted commands and should be avoided in ordinary polite conversation.