上る
go up; climb; ascend; go upstream
Yama no chōjō made noboru no wa taihen datta ga, keshiki wa saikō datta.; Kawa o nobotte, genryū o sagashi ni itta.
→ Climbing to the top of the mountain was tough, but the view was amazing.; I went upstream along the river to look for its source.
下る
go down; descend
Yamamichi o jitensha de kudaru no wa, supīdo ga desugite abunai.
→ Going downhill on a mountain road by bicycle is dangerous because you can gain too much speed.
進む
advance; progress; proceed; run fast
Kaigi wa yotei doori ni susunde imasu ka.; Tokei no hari ga susundeiru.
→ Is the meeting proceeding according to schedule?; The clock is running fast.
進める
advance; proceed with; move forward
Purojekuto o keikaku doori ni susumeru tame ni, chīmu de kyōryoku shita.
→ We worked together as a team to keep the project moving according to plan.
通る
pass through; go through; pass
Kono michi wa semakute, ookina kuruma wa tōru koto ga dekinai.; Shiken ni tōtte, totemo ureshii.
→ This road is narrow, so large vehicles cannot pass through.; I'm very happy that I passed the exam.
通す
pass through; let through; show in; look through
Hari ni ito o tōsu no wa, me ga warui to muzukashii.; Okyaku-san o ōsetsushitsu ni tōshita.; Kono kikakusho wa, buchō ga me o tōshite kureta.
→ Threading a needle is difficult if your eyesight is poor.; I showed the guest into the reception room.; The department manager looked through this proposal for me.
越える・超える
cross; go beyond; exceed
Kokkyō o koete, tonari no kuni ni haitta.; Kare no nōryoku wa, watashitachi no sōzō o koeteiru.
→ I crossed the border and entered the neighboring country.; His ability is beyond our imagination.
過ぎる
pass; go beyond; exceed
Yakusoku no jikan o sugite mo, kare wa arawarenakatta.; Kono machi o sugiru to, yamamichi ni naru.
→ Even after the agreed time had passed, he did not show up.; Once you pass this town, the road becomes a mountain road.
過ごす
spend; pass time
Natsuyasumi wa, kazoku to umi de tanoshiku sugoshita.
→ I spent the summer vacation happily at the seaside with my family.
移る
move; transfer; spread
Kaze ga hoka no hito ni utsuranai yō ni, masuku o shite kudasai.; Raigetsu kara, eigyōbu ni utsuru koto ni natta.
→ Please wear a mask so you don't spread your cold to other people.; It has been decided that I will transfer to the sales department starting next month.
移す
move; transfer; transmit
Tonari no seki no hito ga kaze o hiiteite, watashi ni mo utsushite shimatta yō da.; Tsukue no ichi o madogiwa ni utsushita.
→ The person sitting next to me had a cold and seems to have passed it on to me.; I moved the desk to a position by the window.
連れる
take along; bring along
Inu o tsurete kōen o sanpo suru no ga nikka da.
→ Taking my dog for a walk in the park is part of my daily routine.
寄る
stop by; come close
Shigoto no kaeri ni, chotto hon'ya ni yotte ikō.; Kabe ni yotte tatte kudasai.
→ Let's stop by the bookstore on the way home from work.; Please stand close to the wall.
寄せる
bring closer; draw near
Isu o motto tēburu ni yosete kudasai.
→ Please move the chair closer to the table.
与える
give; provide; cause
Shokubutsu ni mizu to eiyō o ataeru.; Kare no kotoba wa, watashi ni ookina yūki o ataete kureta.; Tsunami wa engan chiiki ni ookina higai o ataeta.
→ Give plants water and nutrients.; His words gave me great courage.; The tsunami caused major damage to coastal areas.
得る
obtain; gain; acquire
Doryoku no kekka, kare wa ookina seikō o eta.; Kono keiken kara ooku no koto o eru koto ga dekita.
→ As a result of his efforts, he achieved great success.; I was able to learn a lot from this experience.
向く
face; turn toward; be suited for
Watashi no tsukue wa mado no hō o muiteiru.; Kare wa kyōshi no shigoto ni muiteiru to omou.
→ My desk faces the window.; I think he is suited to being a teacher.
向ける
turn toward; direct at; target
Pasokon no gamen kara me o hanashi, tōku no keshiki ni shisen o muketa.; Kono shōhin wa, wakamono muke ni kaihatsu sareta.
→ I looked away from the computer screen and turned my gaze toward the distant scenery.; This product was developed for young people.
勧める
recommend; advise; offer
Osake ga nomenai hito ni, muri ni susumete wa ikenai.; Taichō ga warusō nanode, byōin ni iku yō ni susumeta.
→ You should not pressure someone who cannot drink alcohol to have a drink.; He looked unwell, so I advised him to go to the hospital.
薦める
recommend; nominate
Ten'in-san ni susumerarete, kono wain o katte mita.
→ The store clerk recommended this wine, so I decided to buy it.
任せる
entrust; leave to; put in charge
Kono shigoto wa keiken hōfu na Tanaka-san ni makaseyō.
→ Let's entrust this job to the experienced Mr. Tanaka.
守る
protect; obey; keep
Kōtsū rūru o mamotte, anzen unten o kokorogakemashō.; Kuni no heiwa o mamoru tame ni, heishitachi wa tatakau.
→ Let's obey traffic rules and make an effort to drive safely.; Soldiers fight to protect the country's peace.
争う
dispute; compete; fight over
Tochi o megutte, rinjin to arasou koto ni natta.; Yūshō o mezashite, futatsu no chīmu ga hageshiku arasotta.
→ I ended up in a dispute with my neighbor over the land.; The two teams competed fiercely for the championship.
望む
hope for; wish for; desire
Sekai heiwa o tsuyoku nozondeiru.
→ I strongly hope for world peace.
信じる
believe; trust
Kare no kotoba o shinjite, mō ichido chansu o ataeyō.
→ Let's believe what he says and give him another chance.
通じる
be understood; communicate; lead to
Miburi teburi de hanashitara, nantoka imi ga tsūjita yō da.; Jōdan ga tsūjinai aite mo iru.
→ When I communicated with gestures, the meaning somehow seemed to get across.; Some people do not understand jokes.
飽きる
get bored; tire of
Mainichi onaji menyū da to, sasuga ni akite shimau.
→ If the menu is the same every day, you naturally get bored of it.
思いつく
think of; come up with
Kaigichū ni, ii aidea o omoitsuita.
→ I came up with a good idea during the meeting.
思いやる
show consideration; empathize
Aite no kimochi o omoiyaru koto ga, yoi ningen kankei o kizuku daiippo da.
→ Considering the other person's feelings is the first step toward building good relationships.
熱中する
be absorbed in; be enthusiastic about
Kare wa saikin, shashin satsuei ni netchū shiteiru.
→ He has recently become absorbed in photography.
暮らす
live; make a living
Taishokugo wa, inaka de nonbiri to kurashitai.
→ After retirement, I want to live a relaxed life in the countryside.
巻く
wrap; wind; roll
Samui node, kubi ni mafurā o maita.
→ It was cold, so I wrapped a scarf around my neck.
結ぶ
tie; bind; connect; conclude
Purezento no ribon o kirei ni musunda.; Futatsu no kaisha ga keiyaku o musunda.
→ I tied the ribbon on the present neatly.; The two companies signed a contract.
済む
be finished; be settled; get by with
Kaimono wa, ekimae no sūpā de sumaseru koto ga ooi.; Kega wa karuku sunde yokatta.
→ I often get my shopping done at the supermarket in front of the station.; Fortunately, the injury turned out to be minor.
済ませる・済ます
finish; get done; settle
Chōshoku wa pan to kōhī de kantan ni sumaseta.
→ I had a simple breakfast of bread and coffee.
出来る
can; be completed; be made; appear
Eki no chikaku ni atarashii resutoran ga dekita.; Ryōri ga dekimashita yo. Dōzo meshiagatte kudasai.; Kare wa benkyō mo supōtsu mo dekiru.
→ A new restaurant opened near the station.; The food is ready. Please enjoy.; He is good at both studying and sports.
切れる
cut well; run out; expire
Hōchō ga yoku kireru node, ki o tsukete tsukatte kudasai.; Gyūnyū no shōmikigen ga kirete shimatta.; Denwa no denchi ga kirete, renraku ga torenakatta.
→ This kitchen knife is very sharp, so please use it carefully.; The milk has passed its best-before date.; My phone battery died, so I couldn't get in touch.
切らす
run out of; use up
Shōyu o kirashite shimatta node, kai ni ikanakereba naranai.
→ We've run out of soy sauce, so I have to go buy some.
伝わる
be transmitted; spread; be introduced
Sono nyūsu wa, atto iu ma ni kunijū ni tsutawatta.; Bukkyō wa Chūgoku kara Nihon ni tsutawatta.
→ The news spread throughout the country in no time.; Buddhism was transmitted from China to Japan.
伝える
convey; tell; communicate
Kaigi de kimatta koto o, shain zen'in ni tsutaete kudasai.; Kansha no kimochi o kotoba de tsutaeru no wa muzukashii.
→ Please inform all employees of what was decided at the meeting.; It is difficult to express gratitude in words.
続く
continue; last; follow
Ame ga mikkakan mo tsuzuiteiru.; Kono michi no saki ni, nani ga tsuzuku no darō ka.
→ The rain has continued for three days.; I wonder what lies further along this road.
続ける
continue; keep doing
Kenkō no tame ni, maiasa jogingu o tsuzuketeiru.
→ I keep jogging every morning for my health.
つながる
be connected; be linked; lead to
Intānetto ni tsunagaru to, sekaijū no jōhō ni akusesu dekiru.; Doryoku ga seikō ni tsunagaru to shinjiteiru.
→ When connected to the internet, you can access information from around the world.; I believe that effort leads to success.
つなぐ
connect; link; hold hands
Pasokon o purintā ni tsunaide, shorui o insatsu shita.; Kodomo to te o tsunaide michi o aruita.
→ I connected the computer to the printer and printed the documents.; I walked down the street holding my child's hand.
つなげる
connect; link; lead to
Denwa ga nakanaka tsunagaranai node, ato de kake naoshimasu.; Hitotsu hitotsu no chiisana seikō taiken ga, ookina jishin e to tsunagatteiku.
→ The call won't go through, so I'll call again later.; Each small success gradually leads to greater confidence.
伸びる
grow; extend; stretch; increase
Kodomo no se ga, kono ichinen de zuibun nobita.; Gomu wa yoku nobiru.; Kaigi ga yotei yori nobiteiru.
→ My child has grown considerably taller over the past year.; Rubber stretches well.; The meeting is running longer than planned.
伸ばす
extend; stretch; develop
Tsukareta node, ashi o nobashite rirakkusu shita.; Repōto no teishutsu kigen o nobashite moraemasen ka.; Kare wa sainō o nobashite, rippa na ongakuka ni natta.
→ I was tired, so I stretched out my legs and relaxed.; Could you extend the deadline for submitting the report?; He developed his talent and became an excellent musician.
延びる
be postponed; be extended
Ame no tame, shuppatsu jikan ga sanjuppun nobita.; Uriage ga junchō ni nobiteiru.
→ Because of the rain, the departure time was delayed by 30 minutes.; Sales are steadily increasing.
延ばす
postpone; extend
Isogashii node, kaigi no nittei o raishū ni nobashita.
→ Because I was busy, I postponed the meeting until next week.
重なる
overlap; pile up; coincide
Sara ga kasanatteite, torinikui.; Fukō ga kasanaru.
→ The plates are stacked on top of each other, so they are hard to take out.; Misfortunes pile up.
重ねる
stack; pile up; repeat
Hon o kasanete tana ni oita.; Renshū o kasaneru koto de, jitsuryoku ga kōjō suru.
→ I stacked the books and put them on the shelf.; By practicing repeatedly, your ability improves.
広がる
spread; expand; extend
Me no mae ni utsukushii keshiki ga hirogatteita.; Sono uwasa wa, atto iu ma ni kurasujū ni hirogatta.
→ A beautiful view spread out before my eyes.; That rumor spread throughout the class in no time.
広げる
spread; expand; unfold
Chizu o hirogete, mokutekichi made no michi o kakunin shita.; Kare wa sekaijū ni bijinesu o hirogeteiru.
→ I unfolded the map and checked the route to the destination.; He is expanding his business worldwide.
載る
be placed on; be published
Tēburu no ue ni, takusan no ryōri ga notteita.; Kare no namae ga shinbun ni notta.
→ There were many dishes laid out on the table.; His name appeared in the newspaper.
載せる
put on; load; publish
Sūtsukēsu o kuruma no toranku ni noseta.; Hōmupēji ni kaisha no jōhō o noseru.
→ I put the suitcase in the car's trunk.; Post company information on the website.
そろう
be complete; gather; be uniform
Pātī no jikan ni natta ga, mada zen'in sorotteinai.; Hitsuyō na shorui ga sorotta node, shinsei ni iku.
→ It's time for the party, but not everyone has arrived yet.; Now that all the necessary documents are ready, I'll go submit the application.
そろえる
prepare; gather; make uniform
Gēmu o hajimeru mae ni, hitsuyō na dōgu o soroeta.; Minna de iken o soroete, ketsuron o dashita.
→ Before starting the game, I prepared all the necessary equipment.; Everyone aligned their opinions and reached a conclusion.
まとまる
come together; be settled; be organized
Nagai kaigi datta ga, yōyaku iken ga matomatta.; Nimotsu ga matomattara, shuppatsu shimashō.
→ It was a long meeting, but opinions were finally brought together.; Once the luggage is all packed, let's leave.
まとめる
organize; gather; summarize
Kaigi no mae ni, jibun no kangae o matomete oita.; Ryokō no nimotsu o sūtsukēsu ni matometa.
→ Before the meeting, I organized my thoughts.; I packed all my travel belongings into the suitcase.
付く
stick; attach; come with
Gohantsubu ga kao ni tsuite imasu yo.; Kono shatsu ni wa poketto ga tsuiteinai.; Kega o shinai yō ni ki o tsukete.
→ There is a grain of rice stuck to your face.; This shirt doesn't have a pocket.; Be careful not to get hurt.
付ける
attach; add; spread; keep a record
Pan ni batā o tsukete taberu no ga suki da.; Nikki o tsukeru shūkan ga aru.
→ I like eating bread with butter spread on it.; I have a habit of keeping a diary.
たまる
accumulate; build up; be saved
Sutoresu ga tamaru to, karada ni yoku nai.; Okane ga tamattara, atarashii pasokon o kaitai.
→ When stress builds up, it is not good for your health.; When I've saved enough money, I want to buy a new computer.
ためる
save; accumulate; pile up
Shōrai no tame ni, maitsuki sukoshi zutsu okane o tameteiru.; Sentakumono o tamenaide, komame ni araimashō.
→ I save a little money every month for the future.; Don't let the laundry pile up; wash it regularly.
交じる・混じる
mix in; mingle; be mixed
Kaigi ni wa dansei ni majitte, josei mo sūnin sanka shiteita.; Kono kome ni wa, warui kome ga majitteiru.
→ Several women also took part in the meeting among the men.; There are some poor-quality grains mixed in with this rice.
交ざる・混ざる
mix; blend; mingle
Kodomotachi ga danjo mazatte asondeiru.; Mizu to abura wa mazaranai.
→ The boys and girls are playing together.; Water and oil do not mix.
交ぜる・混ぜる
mix; blend; stir
Okome to mame o mazete gohan o taita.; Yoku mazete kara nonde kudasai.
→ I mixed rice and beans and cooked them together.; Please mix it well before drinking.
解ける・溶ける
be solved; melt; dissolve
Muzukashii mondai ga yatto toketa.; Haru ni natte, yuki ga tokehajimeta.; Satō wa mizu ni tokeru.
→ I finally solved the difficult problem.; When spring came, the snow began to melt.; Sugar dissolves in water.
解く・溶く・溶かす
solve; dissolve; melt
Nazonazo o toku no wa omoshiroi.; Komugiko o mizu de toite, kiji o tsukuru.; Batā o furaipan de tokasu.
→ Solving riddles is fun.; Mix the flour with water to make dough.; Melt the butter in a frying pan.
含む
contain; include
Kono shokuhin ni wa, enbun ga ooku fukumareteiru.
→ This food contains a lot of salt.
含める
include; count in
Sōryō o fukumeru to, zenbu de gosen'en ni narimasu.
→ Including shipping, the total comes to 5,000 yen.
抜ける
come out; fall out; pass through
Taiya no kūki ga nukete shimatta.; Tonneru o nukeru to, akarui kaigan ni deta.
→ The air has leaked out of the tire.; After passing through the tunnel, I came out onto a bright coast.
抜く
pull out; remove; skip; overtake
Niwa no zassō o nuita.; Shokuji o nuite daietto suru no wa, karada ni yoku nai.; Rēsu no saigo ni, mae no senshu o nuite ichii ni natta.
→ I pulled the weeds out of the garden.; Skipping meals to diet is not good for your health.; At the end of the race, I overtook the runner ahead and took first place.
現れる
appear; emerge
Kumo no aida kara taiyō ga arawareta.
→ The sun appeared between the clouds.
現す
show; reveal; appear
Kare wa kaigi ni okurete kite, yōyaku sugata o arawashita.
→ He arrived late to the meeting and finally showed up.
表れる
be shown; appear; be reflected
Yorokobi ga kao ni arawareteita.
→ Joy was clearly visible on the face.
表す
express; represent; show
Kansha no kimochi o kotoba de arawasu no wa muzukashii.
→ It is difficult to express feelings of gratitude in words.
散る
fall; scatter; wither
Sakura no hana ga mō chitte shimatta.
→ The cherry blossoms have already fallen.
散らす
scatter; disperse; cause to fall
Kaze ga ki no ha o chirashiteiru.
→ The wind is scattering the leaves from the trees.
明ける
dawn; end; begin a new period
Yoru ga akete, tori no koe ga kikoehajimeta.; Nagai tsuyu ga yōyaku aketa.; Shinnen, akemashite omedetō gozaimasu.
→ Dawn broke, and the birds began to sing.; The long rainy season finally ended.; Happy New Year!
差す
shine; hold up an umbrella; apply eye drops
Ame ga agatte, hi ga sashite kita.; Kasa o sasu.; Megusuri o sasu.
→ The rain stopped and the sun began to shine.; Open/hold up an umbrella.; Put in eye drops.