出る・出す
go out / put out
→ Go out of the room. Put out the garbage.
新商品が出る
a new product comes out
→ A new product will come out next month.
効果が出る
be effective; show results
→ The medicine shows its effect.
新記録が出る
set a new record
→ A new record was set at the tournament.
試合に出る
take part in a match
→ I will take part in the upcoming match.
本を出す
publish a book
→ I will publish a new book this year.
指示を出す
give instructions
→ The president gives instructions.
かかる・かける
take / apply; cost (intransitive/transitive)
→ It takes time. Cause trouble.
優勝がかかる
the championship is at stake
→ The next match is where the championship is at stake.
水がかかる
get splashed with water
→ A car passes by and splashes water on me.
エンジンがかかる
the engine starts
→ The car engine started.
声をかける
call out to; speak to
→ I call out to a friend on the street.
掃除機をかける
vacuum
→ Vacuum the room.
アイロンをかける
iron clothes
→ I iron a shirt.
のびる・のばす
lengthen / make longer
→ Hair lengthens. Extend the deadline.
売り上げが伸びる
sales increase
→ Sales increased this month.
会議が明日に延びる
the meeting is postponed until tomorrow
→ Today's meeting is postponed until tomorrow.
会議が1時間延びる
the meeting runs one hour longer
→ The meeting runs one hour longer.
才能を伸ばす
develop one's talent
→ Develop a child's talent.
手を伸ばす
reach out one's hand
→ Reach out for something on the shelf.
髪の毛を伸ばす
grow one's hair long
→ Grow my hair long for the coming-of-age ceremony.
つく・つける
stick / attach (intransitive/transitive)
→ Dirt sticks to clothes. Attach a button.
身につく
acquire; master
→ I acquired/mastered English.
差がつく
a difference emerges
→ A difference emerges in the test scores.
気がつく
notice; realize
→ Notice I forgot something.
点をつける
give a score / grade
→ The teacher gives a score to the test.
切れる・切る
run out / cut
→ The thread breaks. Cut the paper.
賞味期限が切れる
expire; pass the best-before date
→ This milk has passed its best-before date.
電池が切れる
the battery runs out
→ My smartphone battery is running out.
電話を切る
hang up the phone
→ Hang up the phone after finishing the conversation.
水を切る
drain off water
→ Wash the vegetables and drain the water.
1万円を切る
fall below 10,000 yen
→ The price fell below 10,000 yen during the sale.
落ちる・落とす
fall / drop
→ The pen falls. I drop the pen.
色が落ちる
fade; lose color
→ The color of the clothes faded after washing.
味が落ちる
lose flavor / quality
→ The dish loses its flavor when it gets cold.
成績が落ちる
grades decline
→ My grades dropped because I didn't study.
試験に落ちる
fail an exam
→ I failed the difficult exam.
スピードを落とす
slow down
→ Slow down before the curve.
汚れを落とす
remove dirt / stains
→ Remove the mud stains on the clothes.