転換
shift; transition; conversion
→ The government sought to shift its economic policy.
促す
urge; encourage; prompt
→ The mayor urged citizens to conserve water.
質疑
questions; questioning
→ Set aside time for questions and answers at the end of the meeting.
異論
objection; dissenting opinion
→ Does anyone have any objections to that proposal?
唱える
advocate; voice; raise
→ He always voices objections to the company's policies.
踏まえる
take into account; based on
→ Make a new plan taking past failures into account.
承認
approval; authorization
→ Next year's budget proposal was approved by the assembly.
議長
chairperson; speaker
→ The meeting proceeded smoothly under the chairperson's direction.
採決
vote; decision by vote
→ A vote on the bill is scheduled for tomorrow.
法案
bill; draft law
→ A new bill was submitted to the Diet.
審議
deliberation; review
→ The committee is continuing its deliberations on the budget proposal.
採択
adoption; selection
→ Our company's proposal was selected as a national project.
成立
passage; establishment; formation
→ The new law was passed with broad support.
議題
agenda item; topic for discussion
→ Today's meeting agenda is about environmental issues.
制度
system; institution
→ The education system needs to be reviewed to suit the times.
改革
reform
→ Carry out organizational reforms to ensure the company's survival.
法律
law
→ All citizens must obey the law.
制定
enactment; establishment
→ A new constitution was enacted.
整備
development; improvement; maintenance
→ Improve the surrounding roads in preparation for the opening of the Shinkansen line.
法整備
legal framework development
→ Developing a legal framework to deal with cybercrime is an urgent task.
改定
revision; adjustment
→ Bus fares will be revised starting next month.
施行
enforcement; implementation
→ The new law will come into effect next spring.
規制
regulation; restriction
→ Emissions regulations have become stricter to protect the environment.
緩和
relaxation; easing
→ The government relaxed import regulations.
声明
statement; declaration
→ The president issued an official statement on television.
措置
measure; action
→ Take appropriate measures to prevent the spread of infection.
万全
thorough; foolproof; fully prepared
→ Take every possible precaution against the approaching typhoon.
異例
unusual; exceptional
→ It was highly unusual for him to become company president in his twenties.
寛大
lenient; generous
→ The judge handed down a lenient sentence to the young defendant.
条約
treaty
→ A peace treaty was concluded between the two countries.
調印
signing; signature ceremony
→ A signing ceremony was held for the historic treaty.
閣僚
cabinet minister; cabinet member
→ The prime minister appointed new cabinet members.
協議
consultation; discussion
→ The leaders of the two countries will hold talks on environmental issues.
腐敗
corruption; decay
→ Public dissatisfaction with political corruption is growing.
申請
application
→ I apply for a passport for an overseas trip.
発給
issuance
→ The visa was issued by the embassy.
訴訟
lawsuit; litigation
→ File a lawsuit against the company for damages.
賠償
compensation; damages
→ The person responsible for the accident paid compensation to the victim.
検察
prosecution; public prosecutors' office
→ Prosecutors decide whether to indict the suspect.
告訴
criminal complaint; accusation
→ After being defrauded, I filed a criminal complaint with the police.
保障
guarantee; protection
→ Everyone's freedoms and rights are guaranteed by law.
権利
right; entitlement
→ Citizens have an equal right to receive education.
基本的人権
fundamental human rights
→ Respect for fundamental human rights is the foundation of democracy.
判決
judgment; verdict; sentence
→ The presiding judge handed down a guilty verdict against the defendant.
死刑
death penalty; capital punishment
→ Prosecutors sought the death penalty for the perpetrator of the brutal crime.
懲役
imprisonment with labor
→ He was sentenced to five years in prison for robbery.
国家
state; nation
→ A new state was born.
形成
formation; shaping
→ A child's personality is shaped by the home environment.
異民族
different ethnic group; other peoples
→ Ancient Rome ruled over many different peoples.
侵略
invasion; aggression
→ Invading another country is a violation of international law.
復興
reconstruction; recovery
→ Reconstruction of the town is progressing after the major earthquake.
古代文明
ancient civilization
→ I learn about ancient Egyptian civilization from history books.
繁栄
prosperity; flourishing
→ A long period of peace brought prosperity to the country.
衰退
decline; decay
→ Regional economies are declining due to population loss.
内戦
civil war
→ A fierce civil war continued in that country for a long time.
紛争
conflict; dispute
→ A conflict has arisen between the two countries over the border.
分断
division; separation
→ The country was divided in two by the war.
発掘
excavation
→ Ancient pottery was discovered during an archaeological excavation of the site.
遺跡
ruins; archaeological site
→ Visit ancient ruins registered as a World Heritage Site.
住居跡
remains of a dwelling; dwelling site
→ Remains of a Jomon-period dwelling were found at this site.
軍事力
military power; military capability
→ That country possesses enormous military power.
増強
strengthening; buildup
→ Strengthen military capabilities for national defense.