わかります
understand
Watashi wa nihongo ga wakarimasu.
→ I understand Japanese.
あります
have
Watashi wa atarashii kuruma ga arimasu.
→ I have a new car.
好き[な]
like
Watashi wa ongaku ga suki desu.
→ I like music.
嫌い[な]
dislike
Watashi wa sakana ga kirai desu.
→ I dislike fish.
上手[な]
good at
Maria san wa uta ga jōzu desu.
→ Maria is good at singing.
下手[な]
poor at
Watashi wa tenisu ga heta desu.
→ I am poor at tennis.
飲み物
drinks
Tsumetai nomimono ga hoshii desu.
→ I want a cold drink.
料理
dish (cooked food), cooking
Watashi wa tai ryōri ga suki desu.
→ I like Thai food.
スポーツ
sport
Donna supōtsu ga suki desu ka.
→ What sport do you like?
野球
baseball
Nihonjin wa yakyū ga suki desu.
→ Japanese people like baseball.
ダンス
dance
Kanojo wa dansu ga jōzu desu.
→ She is good at dancing.
旅行
travel, trip
Raigetsu, Nihon e ryokō shimasu.
→ Next month, I will travel to Japan.
音楽
music
Maiban ongaku o kikimasu.
→ I listen to music every night.
歌
song
Karaoke de uta o utaimasu.
→ I sing songs at karaoke.
クラシック
classical music
Kurashikku no konsāto e ikimasu.
→ I go to a classical music concert.
ジャズ
jazz
Yoku jazu o kikimasu.
→ I often listen to jazz.
コンサート
concert
Tomodachi to konsāto e ikimasu.
→ I go to a concert with a friend.
カラオケ
karaoke
Nichiyōbi ni karaoke o shimashita.
→ I went to karaoke on Sunday.
歌舞伎
Kabuki
Ichido kabuki o mitai desu.
→ I want to see Kabuki once.
絵
picture, drawing
Kare wa e ga jōzu desu.
→ He is good at drawing.
字
letter, character
Sensei no ji wa kirei desu.
→ The teacher's handwriting is beautiful.
漢字
Chinese characters
Kanji ga wakarimasen.
→ I don't understand kanji.
ひらがな
Hiragana script
Hiragana de kaite kudasai.
→ Please write in hiragana.
かたかな
Katakana script
Anata no namae o katakana de kaite kudasai.
→ Please write your name in katakana.
ローマ字
the Roman alphabet
Rōmaji ga wakarimasu ka.
→ Do you understand Roman letters?
細かいお金
small change
Sumimasen, komakai okane ga arimasen.
→ Sorry, I don't have small change.
チケット
ticket
Konsāto no chiketto o moraimashita.
→ I received a concert ticket.
時間
time
Ashita, jikan ga arimasen.
→ I don't have time tomorrow.
用事
something to do, errand
Gogo, yōji ga arimasu.
→ I have an errand in the afternoon.
約束
appointment, promise
Nichiyōbi ni tomodachi to yakusoku ga arimasu.
→ I have an appointment with a friend on Sunday.
アルバイト
part-time job
Doyōbi ni arubaito ga arimasu.
→ I have a part-time job on Saturday.
ご主人
(someone else's) husband
Tanaka san no goshujin wa ginkōin desu.
→ Ms. Tanaka's husband is a bank employee.
夫/主人
(my) husband
Otto wa ryōri ga jōzu desu.
→ My husband is good at cooking.
奥さん
(someone else's) wife
Mirā san no okusan wa nihonjin desu.
→ Mr. Miller's wife is Japanese.
妻/家内
(my) wife
Tsuma wa hana ga suki desu.
→ My wife likes flowers.
子供
child
Kodomo to kōen e ikimasu.
→ I go to the park with my child.
よく
well, much
Nihongo ga yoku wakarimasu.
→ I understand Japanese well.
だいたい
mostly, roughly
Nihongo ga daitai wakarimasu.
→ I understand about half of it.
たくさん
many, much
Pātī ni hito ga takusan imasu.
→ There are many people at the party.
少し
a little, a few
Eigo ga sukoshi wakarimasu.
→ I understand a little English.
全然
not at all (used with negatives)
Kanji ga zenzen wakarimasen.
→ I don't understand kanji at all.
早く
early, quickly, fast
Maiasa hayaku okimasu.
→ I get up early every morning.
~から
because ~
Yōji ga arimasu kara, hayaku kaerimasu.
→ I go home early because I have an errand.
どうして
why
Dōshite kinō gakkō o yasumimashita ka.
→ Why were you absent from school yesterday?
貸してください
Please lend me.
Sono hon o kashite kudasai.
→ Please lend me that book.
いいですよ。
Sure. / That's fine.
A: Kono hon o kashite kudasai. B: Ii desu yo.
→ A: Please lend me this book. B: Sure.
残念ですね。
That's a pity.
A: Ashita wa ikemasen. B: Zannen desu ne.
→ A: I can't go tomorrow. B: That's a pity.
ああ
oh
Aa, Kimura san, konnichiwa.
→ Oh, Ms. Kimura, hello.
いっしょにいかがですか。
Would you like to ~ together?
Issho ni eiga wa ikaga desu ka.
→ Would you like to see a movie together?
[~は]ちょっと…。
[~] is a bit difficult.
Doyōbi wa chotto...
→ Saturday is a little difficult...
だめですか。
So you cannot (come)?
Nichiyōbi wa dame desu ka.
→ Is Sunday no good?
また今度お願いします。
Please ask me again some other time.
Sumimasen. Mata kondo onegaishimasu.
→ Sorry. Maybe next time.