JLPT N1 Shinkanzen Grammar Lesson 5: ~いかんだ・~いかんにかかわらず・~をものともせず (Depending on... / Regardless of... / Despite...)

~いかんだ・~いかんにかかわらず・~をものともせず (Depending on... / Regardless of... / Despite...)

JLPT N1
Shinkanzen N1 • 5 key grammar patterns
Point 1N1_L5_G1

1. ~いかんだ / ~いかんでは

Sentence Pattern
Noun N + (の)いかんだ / いかんで / いかんによっては
Meaning: Depending on...; the result will be determined by...

Explanation: Means that the result in the second clause changes or is determined depending on the state or degree of N in the first clause.
✓ Often used with nouns that can vary widely, such as ideas, performance, results, or attitude. The following clause commonly expresses a major possible change or a decisive outcome.

Example Sentences (2)
このプロジェクトが成功せいこうするかどうかは、チーム全員ぜんいんの努力どりょくいかんだ。
Whether this project succeeds depends entirely on the efforts of every member of the team.
今後こんごの景気けいきのいかんによっては、ボーナスが出でない可能性かのうせいもある。
Depending on how the economy develops from now on, there is also a possibility that no bonus will be paid.
Point 2N1_L5_G2

2. ~いかんにかかわらず / ~いかんによらず / ~いかんを問わず

Sentence Pattern
Noun N (+ の) + いかんにかかわらず / いかんによらず
Noun N (+ の) + いかんを問とわず
Meaning: Regardless of how N is; unaffected by N

Explanation: In contrast to pattern 1, this means that what follows happens regardless of the condition of N; it is completely independent of and unaffected by N.
✓ Often used with nouns having a range of possible states or degrees, such as results, reasons, or performance.

Example Sentences (2)
理由りゆうのいかんにかかわらず、無断欠勤むだんけっきんは厳きびしく処罰しょばつされます。
Regardless of the reason, absence from work without permission will be severely punished.
このイベントは、年齢ねんれいや性別せいべつのいかんを問とわず、だれでも参加さんかできます。
Anyone can participate in this event regardless of age or gender.
Point 3N1_L5_G3

3. ~をものともせず(に)

Sentence Pattern
Noun N + をものともせず(に)
Meaning: Undaunted by... / In defiance of...

Explanation: Describes someone boldly acting despite an obstacle that would normally defeat or discourage people, such as a storm, illness, or danger.
✓ The sentence praises another person's courage and bravery. Therefore, this pattern is NOT normally used to describe one's own actions.

Example Sentences (2)
救助隊きゅうじょたいは猛吹雪もうふぶきをものともせずに、山やまでの捜索活動そうさくかつどうを続つづけた。
Undaunted by the fierce blizzard, the rescue team continued its search operations in the mountains.
その選手せんしゅは膝ひざの大おおけがをものともせず、ついに金きんメダルを獲得かくとくした。
Despite a serious knee injury, the athlete finally won the gold medal.
Point 4N1_L5_G4

4. ~をよそに

Sentence Pattern
Noun N + をよそに
Meaning: Ignoring... / Paying no heed to...

Explanation: Describes ignoring surrounding concerns, opposition, criticism, or expectations and continuing to act as one wishes, as if those matters had nothing to do with oneself.
✓ The sentence often conveys the speaker's surprise, shock, or admiration at such behavior.

Example Sentences (2)
親おやの期待きたいをよそに、彼かれは大学だいがくを中退ちゅうたいしてミュージシャンになった。
Ignoring his parents' expectations, he dropped out of university and became a musician.
周囲しゅういの激はげしい反対はんたいをよそに、彼女かのじょはその危険きけんな計画けいかくを実行じっこうした。
Ignoring the fierce opposition of those around her, she went ahead with the dangerous plan.
Point 5N1_L5_G5

5. ~ならいざしらず

Sentence Pattern
Noun N + ならいざしらず
Plain form + の + ならいざしらず
Meaning: If it were... that might be understandable, but...

Explanation: Means: “If it were situation A, that result might be reasonable or forgivable; but the actual situation is B, which is completely different, so it is unacceptable.”
✓ Often uses an extreme example as a possible excuse, such as people long ago, children, or a cheap hotel. The following clause presents a sharply contrasting reality and clearly expresses dissatisfaction or surprise.

Example Sentences (2)
新人しんじんならいざしらず、入社にゅうしゃ5年目ねんめの君きみがこんなミスをするなんて信しんじられない。
If you were a new employee, that might be understandable, but I can't believe someone in their fifth year at the company would make a mistake like this.
小学生しょうがくせいならいざしらず、大人おとなになってまであんなわがままを言いうのはみっともない。
If it were an elementary school child, that would be one thing, but it is disgraceful for an adult to still say such selfish things.