JLPT N1 Shinkanzen Grammar Lesson 11: ~べく・~んがために・~をもって (In order to... / For the purpose of... / By means of...)

~べく・~んがために・~をもって (In order to... / For the purpose of... / By means of...)

JLPT N1
Shinkanzen N1 • 3 key grammar patterns
Point 1N1_L11_G1

1. ~べく

Sentence Pattern
Vる (Dictionary form) + べく
* Exception: Verb する -> するべく / すべく
Meaning: In order to / With the aim of...

Explanation: Expresses the purpose of the action in the following clause, meaning “in order to / with the aim of...”. It is formal and literary, close to ~ために.
✓ It commonly occurs with volitional verbs. The person pursuing the purpose and the agent of the following action are basically understood to be the same.
✓ The following clause normally describes an action taken to achieve the purpose and is not natural with direct commands, requests, or invitations such as ~てください or ~なさい.

Example Sentences (2)
日本にほんで働はたらくべく、毎日一生懸命日本語まいにちいっしょうけんめにほんごを勉強べんきょうしている。
In order to work in Japan, I study Japanese as hard as I can every day.
優勝ゆうしょうすべく、チーム全体ぜんたいが一丸いちがんとなって厳きびしい特訓とっくんを重かさねた。
In order to win the championship, the entire team united and repeatedly underwent rigorous training.
Point 2N1_L11_G2

2. ~んがため(に)

Sentence Pattern
V ない + んがため(に)
* Exception: Verb する -> せんがため(に)
Meaning: In order to / For the purpose of... (formal, literary)

Explanation: Expresses purpose, meaning “in order to / for the purpose of...”. It is an old-fashioned, formal, literary expression and can be regarded as a formal counterpart of ~ために.
✓ It often emphasizes a purpose or intention and therefore appears in writing, speeches, or rhetorical styles; the goal itself does not have to be “grand” or “momentous”.
✓ The agent pursuing the purpose and the agent of the following action are basically the same. With する, use せんがため(に).

Example Sentences (2)
難民なんみんを救すくわんがために、彼かれは医師いしとして紛争地域ふんそうちいきへ赴おもむいた。
In order to save the refugees, he went to a conflict zone as a doctor.
真実しんじつを明あきらかにせんがため、ジャーナリストたちは危険きけんを冒おかして取材しゅざいを続つづけた。
In order to uncover the truth, the journalists continued their reporting despite the danger.
Point 3N1_L11_G3

3. ~をもって

Sentence Pattern
Noun N + をもって
Meaning: By means of / Through (a method or means)

Explanation: Expresses a means, method, or basis for doing something, meaning “by means of / through / with...”. It is formal and common in writing, notices, official documents, and business contexts.
✓ Compared with で, it is more formal and is generally not used for very ordinary everyday means or tools such as “go by bus” or “write with a pencil”.
✓ 「Nをもってすれば」 means “if one uses / with N...”, often evaluating that something can be accomplished with that ability, technique, means, etc.

Example Sentences (2)
審査しんさの結果けっかは、書面しょめんをもって通知つうちいたします。
We will notify you of the screening results in writing.
彼かれの最新さいしんの技術ぎじゅつをもってすれば、この問題もんだいの解決かいけつも不可能ふかのうではないだろう。
With his latest technology, solving this problem may not be impossible.