1. ~に関して (About / Regarding / Concerning...)
Noun (N1) + に関する N2
Meaning: Regarding / concerning...
✓ に関して is close in meaning to について, but is generally more formal and written and emphasizes relation to a topic or issue.
✓ It often appears with verbs such as investigate, explain, ask, or provide information (調べる、説明する、質問する).
2. ~をめぐって (Surrounding / Concerning...)
Noun (N1) + をめぐる N2
Meaning: Surrounding / Concerning (an issue)...
✓ The subject performing the action is usually plural.
✓ The second clause contains verbs expressing multiple people arguing, fighting, or opposing each other over something.
3. ~にかけては (When it comes to... / In terms of...)
Meaning: When it comes to / in terms of...
✓ Highlights an area in which a person or thing shows an especially outstanding or remarkable degree compared with others.
✓ It is often used for abilities, skills, and strengths, but can also emphasize a notably negative characteristic.
✓ The following clause often contains a strong evaluation such as 一番、最高、誰にも負けない、右に出るものはない.
4. ~に対して (Towards... / In contrast to...)
Noun (N1) + に対する N2
V / Aい (普通形) + のに対して
Na-adjective だ / Noun N だ + な / である + のに対して
This grammar pattern has two completely different meanings depending on the context.
✓ Targeting someone or something. Showing an attitude, action, emotion, or feeling towards that subject.
✓ Expresses the opposition or stark difference between two subjects being compared.
5. ~にこたえて (In response to...)
Noun (N1) + にこたえる N2
Meaning: In response to / to meet...
✓ Used when taking appropriate action to respond to expectations, requests, wishes, support, or feelings from others.
✓ Common nouns include 期待、要求、要望、気持ち、アンコール.
✓ The following clause states the action taken in response.