JLPT N2 Shinkanzen Grammar Lesson 9: ～につれて・～に伴って・～に応じて (As... / Along with... / According to...)

～につれて・～に伴って・～に応じて (As... / Along with... / According to...)

JLPT N2
Shinkanzen N2 • 5 key grammar patterns
Point 1N2_L9_G1

1. ～につれて / ～にしたがって (As... then... / The more... the more...)

Sentence Pattern
Noun N する / Vる + につれて
Noun N する / Vる + にしたがって

Meaning: As one thing changes, another thing changes along with it. (As... / The more... the more...).
✓ The preceding part commonly expresses a gradual process or change, such as 進む・上がる・多くなる・年を取る.
✓ につれて: Emphasizes that B changes as the process/change in A progresses, often for natural, continuous, clearly related changes.
✓ にしたがって: Likewise expresses B changing in accordance with A, often with a somewhat more formal and broader usage. Do not memorize an absolute rule that につれて requires A and B to increase or decrease in the same direction.

Example Sentences (6)
台風たいふうが近ちかづくにつれて、どんどん風かぜが強つよくなって来きた。
As the typhoon approaches, the wind has gradually become stronger.
台風たいふうの接近せっきんにつれて、雨あめや風かぜが強つよくなってきた。
With the approach of the typhoon, the rain and wind have become stronger. (N + につれて).
日本にほんに来きて日ひがたつにつれ、会話かいわが上達じょうたつしてきた。
As days go by since coming to Japan, my conversation skills have improved.
年としを取とるにつれて、体からだのいろいろな機能きのうが低下ていかする。
As we get older, various functions of the body deteriorate.
車くるまのスピードが上あがるにしたがって、事故じこの危険性きけんせいも高たかくなる。
As the speed of the car increases, the risk of accidents also becomes higher.
息子むすこは成長せいちょうするにしたがって、口数くちかずが少すくなくなった。
As my son grew older, he became less talkative. (A increases, B decreases).
Point 2N2_L9_G2

2. ～に伴って / ～とともに (Along with... / Accompanied by...)

Sentence Pattern
Noun N する / Vる + に伴ともなって / とともに
Noun N する + に伴ともなう N2

Meaning: Along with / accompanying event or change A, B also occurs or changes.
✓ に伴って: Formal; often used when one event or change is accompanied by another. The noun-modifying form is Nに伴うN2, and に伴い is a more formal connective form.
✓ とともに: In this usage means “along with / as ... changes,” often presenting two related developments progressing together.
✓ The idea that both clauses must always increase or decrease in the same direction should not be treated as an absolute rule for とともに.

Example Sentences (7)
入学にゅうがくする留学生数りゅうがくせいすうの変化へんかに伴ともなって、クラス数すうを変かえる必要ひつようがある。
Along with the change in the number of enrolling international students, it is necessary to change the number of classes.
メールが普及ふきゅうするに伴ともない、コミュニケーションの方法ほうほうも変かわってきた。
Along with the popularization of email, communication methods have also changed. (に伴い is a more formal version of に伴って).
地球ちきゅうの温暖化おんだんかに伴ともなうさまざまな変化へんかを観察かんさつしたいと思おもっている。
I want to observe the various changes that accompany global warming.
年としをとるとともに、記憶力きおくりょくが衰おとろえてきた。
Along with aging, my memory has started to decline.
雨あめの量りょうが多おおくなるとともに、湿度しつどが高たかくなる。
As the amount of rain increases, the humidity becomes higher.
経済けいざいの回復かいふくとともに、人々ひとびとの表情ひょうじょうも明あかるくなってきた。
Along with the economic recovery, people's expressions have also brightened up.
ペットボトル飲料いんりょうの売うれ行ゆきが伸のびるとともに、リサイクルも真剣しんけんに考かんがえられるようになった。
Along with the growing sales of plastic bottled drinks, recycling has also come to be considered more seriously.
Point 3N2_L9_G3

3. ～次第だ (Depending on...)

Sentence Pattern
Noun (N) + 次第しだいだ / 次第しだいで（は）

Meaning: If factor N changes, the result changes accordingly. (The outcome depends on factor N).
✓ Often accompanies words showing variety or difference (e.g., way of thinking, circumstances, weather...).
✓ The second clause is a result that changes corresponding to the preceding part, or a decision is made (such as: change, decide, increase/decrease...).

Example Sentences (4)
あなたの言いい方次第かたしだいではこの話はなしは断ことわられるかもしれない。
Depending on how you say it, this proposal might be rejected.
人生じんせいが楽たのしいかどうかは考かんがえ方次第かたしだいだ。
Whether life is enjoyable or not depends on your way of thinking.
レストランは雰囲気次第ふんいきしだいでお客様きゃくさまが増ふえたり減へったりするのです。
For a restaurant, depending on the atmosphere, the number of customers can increase or decrease.
この夏なつのトレーニング次第しだいで秋あきの試合しあいに勝かてるかどうかが決きまる。
Depending on the training this summer, it will be decided whether we can win the autumn match or not.
Point 4N2_L9_G4

4. ～に応じて (In accordance with / Depending on...)

Sentence Pattern
Noun (N) + に応おうじて
Noun (N1) + に応おうじた N2

Meaning: To change or adjust something to match or correspond with the given condition (N).
✓ Used with nouns expressing predictable changes or differences (e.g., stamina, age, weather, income, damage...).
✓ The second clause describes an action or change that is appropriately adjusted to match that condition N.

Example Sentences (6)
保険金ほけんきんは被害ひがいに応おうじて払はらわれる。
Insurance money will be paid in accordance with the amount of damage.
無理むりをしないで体力たいりょくに応おうじた運動うんどうをしましょう。
Don't overdo it, and let's exercise in a way that suits our physical strength.
ご予算よさんに応おうじてパーティーのメニューを決きめます。
We will decide the party menu according to your budget.
お子こさんの年齢ねんれいに応おうじて本ほんを選えらんであげてください。
Please select books that are appropriate for your child's age.
収入しゅうにゅうに応おうじて生活様式せいかつようしきを変かえる。
Change your lifestyle in accordance with your income.
収入しゅうにゅうに応おうじて収おさめる税金ぜいきんの額がくが変かわる。
The amount of tax to be paid changes depending on the income.
Point 5N2_L9_G5

5. ～につけて (Whenever... I feel...)

Sentence Pattern
Vる + につけて

Meaning: Whenever doing or seeing something, it evokes a certain emotion or mood.
✓ The second clause is directly related to the feelings or emotions that arise in the speaker's heart.
✓ In addition, 何かにつけて is a common fixed phrase meaning "whenever something happens / on every possible occasion". In this case, the second clause does not necessarily have to express an emotion.

Example Sentences (6)
そのことを考かんがえるにつけて後悔こうかいの念ねんに苛さいなまれる。
Every time I think about that, I am tormented by feelings of regret.
この歌うたを聞きくにつけて、心こころに希望きぼうがわいてくる。
Whenever I hear this song, hope wells up in my heart.
環境汚染かんきょうおせんのニュースを聞きくにつけて、健康けんこうへの影響えいきょうに不安ふあんを感かんじる。
Every time I hear news about environmental pollution, I feel anxious about its effects on health.
彼女かのじょのうわさを聞きくにつけて、心配しんぱいになる。
Whenever I hear rumors about her, I get worried.
この作家さっかの本ほんを読よむにつけ、今いまの自分じぶんを反省はんせいしています。
Every time I read a book by this author, I reflect upon my current self.
父ちちは何なにかにつけて、若わかいころ外国がいこくで過すごした思おもい出でを語かたる。
Whenever he gets the chance, my father talks about his memories of spending time abroad when he was young.
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