1. ~によって / ~による (Due to / By means of...) (N: Noun)
Noun N1 + による N2
Meaning: Because of some cause, a result is produced. Or, by some method or means.
✓ When indicating a means/method, this pattern is rarely used for everyday items for personal purposes (like phones, pens, trains...), but it can be used to modify nouns (like example 6 below).
2. ~ものだから / ~もので / ~もの (Because...) (N: Noun | 普通形: Plain form | Aな: Na-adjective)
* Aなだ -> な / Nだ -> な / である
Meaning: To give a reason for justification or explanation. (Used mainly in spoken language).
✓ Used to present a personal reason. The following clause does not take imperative or volitional forms.
✓ The word もの mainly comes at the end of the sentence and is especially used by women and children.
✓ In casual speech, it can be contracted to: もんだから・もんで・もん.
3. ~おかげだ / ~せいだ (Thanks to... / Because of...) (N: Noun | 普通形: Plain form | Aな: Na-adjective)
* Aなだ -> な
Meaning: Thanks to something, a good result is achieved (おかげ) / Or because of something, a bad result occurs (せい).
✓ The preceding clause is the cause or influence.
✓ The following clause with おかげで brings a positive result; with せいで, it brings a negative result.
✓ DO NOT use with words expressing the speaker's volition or command.
4. ~あまり / あまりの~に (So... that... / Too much...) (N: Noun | 普通形: Plain form | Aな: Na-adjective)
* Aなだ -> な
あまりの + Noun N + に
Meaning: Because a state or emotion is too extreme, it leads to an unusual result.
✓ The second clause is an uncommon result (mostly leaning towards a bad result).
✓ DOES NOT express the subjective desire or volition of the speaker.
5. ~につき (Due to / Because of...) (N: Noun)
Meaning: States a reason. It is widely used for formal written announcements.
✓ Often used with nouns expressing the current state or condition.
✓ Commonly seen on bulletin boards, signs, and notices posted outside doors.