Point 1L7_G1
1. ~ということだ / ~とのことだ (I heard that... / It is said that...)
Sentence Pattern
V/A/N (Plain form)
+ ということだ。/ とのことだ。
+ ということだ。/ とのことだ。
Often accompanied by information sources: ~N では / ~N によると / ~N によれば
- Reporting: Conveys heard or read information. More formal than 「Plain Form + だそうだ」.
- In letters or congratulatory messages, 「~とのことだ」 is often used. The final "だ" can be omitted.
This pattern reports information heard or read. The proposition before ということだ / とのことだ may itself be negative; it is therefore inaccurate to say that the pattern has “no negative form.”
Example Sentences (3)
新聞の報道によると、来月から消費税が上がるということだ。
According to newspaper reports, the consumption tax will increase from next month.
山田さんから、出張が予定より早く終わったとのことだ。
I received word from Mr. Yamada that his business trip ended earlier than planned.
専門家の話では、この病気の原因はストレスだということだ。
According to experts, the cause of this disease is stress.
Point 2L7_G2
2. ~と言われている (It is said that...)
Sentence Pattern
V/A/N (Plain form) + と言われている (といわれている)
Used to introduce scientific knowledge, common sense (known by everyone), or the general public opinion.
Example Sentences (5)
今年は黒い服が流行すると言われている。
It is said that black clothes will be in fashion this year.
納豆は体に良いと言われている。
Natto (fermented soybeans) is said to be good for the health.
今度の大会では中川選手が優勝するだろうと言われている。
It is said that athlete Nakagawa will probably win this upcoming tournament.
日本人は働きすぎだと言われている。
It is said that Japanese people work too much.
このお寺は500年前に建てられたと言われている。
It is said that this temple was built 500 years ago.
Point 3L7_G3
3. ~とか (I heard that... / Rumor has it...)
Sentence Pattern
V/A/N (Plain form) + とか
Essence: A shortened form of 「~とか言っていた」 / 「~とか言った」.
Used to convey information heard from somewhere, but the content is uncertain or unverified.
Used to convey information heard from somewhere, but the content is uncertain or unverified.
Example Sentences (5)
来月また出張だとか。今度はどちらにいかれるんですか。
I heard you have another business trip next month. Where are you going this time?
お宅では色々な動物を飼っているとか。賑やかだろうね。
I heard your family keeps various kinds of animals. It must be lively.
あの店のパンはとても美味しいとか。今日、帰りに買って帰る。
Rumor has it that the bread at that shop is very delicious. I'll buy some on my way home today.
今年の忘年会は中止だとか。
I heard that this year's year-end party is canceled.
田中さんは来月結婚するとか。
Rumor is Mr. Tanaka is getting married next month.
Point 4L7_G4
4. ~って (I heard... / Someone said...)
Sentence Pattern
A. Plain form + ってB. 【Sentence】 + ってC. 【Noun】 + って + N
- (A, B): A casual spoken abbreviation of the quoting particle 「と」. Subsequent verbs like 言っている (said), 聞いた (heard) are often omitted.
- (B): It can be attached directly to the quoted sentence. (e.g., ~くださいって).
- (C): Can replace 「という」 when naming or defining something (Proper Noun + という + N).
Example Sentences (6)
小川さん、今日は休むって言ってたよ。
Mr. Ogawa said he's taking the day off today. (Type A)
駅前にタイレストランが出来たんだって。行ってみようよ。
I heard a new Thai restaurant opened in front of the station. Let's go try it. (Type A)
山川君、先生が教員室まで来てくださいって。
Yamakawa, the teacher said, 'Please come to the staff room.' (Type B)
田中さん、来週出張に行くって。
Mr. Tanaka said he is going on a business trip next week. (Omitted '言っていた')
最近オープンした新しいカフェってどこにあるの?
Where is that new cafe that recently opened (that people are talking about)? (Type C)
母親に早く家に帰って来いって言われた。
I was told by my mother, 'Come home early.' (Type B)
Point 5L7_G5
5. ~という (It is said that... / I am told that...)
Sentence Pattern
V/A/N (Plain form) + という
The written form of ~だそうだ. Has a stiff and formal nuance (commonly seen in written texts, newspapers, and news reports).
Example Sentences (6)
この辺りは昔、広い野原だったという。
It is said that this area used to be a vast open field long ago.
この祭りは村で古くから行われてきたという。
It is said that this festival has been held in the village since ancient times.
豆腐は1300年ぐらい前に中国から日本に伝わったという。
It is said that tofu was introduced to Japan from China about 1,300 years ago.
この地方には昔、大きな湖があったという。
It is said that there used to be a large lake in this region in the past.
犯人は海外へ逃亡したという。
It is reported that the criminal has fled overseas.
あの会社は来年、新しいロボットを発売するという。
Word has it that the company will release a new robot next year.