Point 1L6_G1
1. ～(の)なら (If it's the case that... / If so...)
Sentence Pattern
V/A (Plain form) + なら / のなら
Noun (N) + なら
Noun (N) + なら
- Preceding clause: Information known in advance based on someone else's story or the surrounding situation.
- Following clause: Expresses the speaker's judgment, volition, or a request/advice to the listener.
Example Sentences (4)
今度の会議に出席するのなら、資料を準備しておいてください。
If you are attending the upcoming meeting, please prepare the documents in advance.
彼がもう帰ったなら、この書類は明日渡すしかないね。
If he has already gone home, we have no choice but to hand this document to him tomorrow.
あなたがその企画に反対だというのなら、具体的な理由を教えてほしい。
If you say you are against that plan, I want you to tell me the specific reasons.
嫌いなら、無理して食べなくてもいいですよ。
If you don't like it, you don't have to force yourself to eat it.
Point 2L6_G2
2. ～ては / ～(の)では (If... then [negative result])
Sentence Pattern
Vて / Aくて / Aな / N + では + は
V (Plain form) + のでは
V (Plain form) + のでは
Note: のでは is only used with Verbs, while ては / では can be used with V, A, N.
The following clause always expresses a negative outcome.
Do not use to express volition, desire, or requests to the listener.
Do not use to express volition, desire, or requests to the listener.
Example Sentences (3)
毎日睡眠時間が4時間では、体がもたないだろう。
If you only get 4 hours of sleep every day, your body won't be able to handle it.
そんなに急いで作っては、きっとどこかにミスが出るよ。
If you make it in such a hurry, there will surely be a mistake somewhere.
こんなに高価なものばかり買っていては、将来お金に困るだろう。
If you keep buying such expensive things all the time, you will probably have financial troubles in the future.
Point 3L6_G3
3. ～さえ～ば / ～さえ～なら (If only... / As long as...)
Sentence Pattern
Noun (N) + さえ + Vば / Aいければ
Noun (N) + さえ + Aななら / Nなら
Vます (remove ます) + さえすれば
Noun (N) + さえ + Aななら / Nなら
Vます (remove ます) + さえすれば
Translated as: "As long as ~ is fulfilled, that's all that matters".
The particle さえ replaces the particles を and が in the sentence.
The particle さえ replaces the particles を and が in the sentence.
Example Sentences (3)
彼女さえいれば、他のものは何もいらない。
As long as I have her, I don't need anything else.
この書類にサインさえすれば、契約は成立する。
If you just sign this document, the contract will be established.
天気が晴れさえすれば、明日のハイキングは決行だ。
As long as the weather is clear, tomorrow's hiking will go ahead as planned.
Point 4L6_G4
4. たとえ～ても (Even if...)
Sentence Pattern
たとえ + Vても / Aくても / Aなでも / Nでも
An emphatic expression: Even if the hypothetical situation in the first clause comes true, it will not affect the outcome in the second clause.
Example Sentences (3)
たとえ失敗しても、また最初からやり直せばいい。
Even if you fail, you can just start over from the beginning.
たとえどんなに寒くても、毎朝ジョギングをする。
No matter how cold it is, I go jogging every morning.
たとえ彼が有名人でも、私は普通の人として接する。
Even if he is a celebrity, I will treat him like an ordinary person.
Point 5L6_G5
5. ～ば / ～たら / ～なら (Counterfactual condition)
Sentence Pattern
V ば (If)
V たら (If / After)
N なら (If it is N)
V たら (If / After)
N なら (If it is N)
- This is a Counterfactual Conditional (both clauses state something that did not actually happen).
- The latter clause is often followed by が / のに to express regret.
Example Sentences (3)
もし時間があれば、そのパーティーに参加したい。
If I had time, I would want to attend that party. (Actually, I don't have time)
卒業したら、すぐに海外で働くつもりだ。
After I graduate, I plan to work overseas immediately.
パリなら、セーヌ川沿いのカフェがおすすめだよ。
If it's Paris, I recommend the cafes along the Seine River.
