7 key grammar patterns
#1L14_G1
1. Verb Groups
Sentence Pattern
Group 1: Verbs whose last syllable before [ます] is in the [い] row.
Group 2: Most verbs in this group have their last syllable before [ます] in the [え] row.
Group 3: Consists of only two verbs: します (to do) and きます (to come).
Group 2: Most verbs in this group have their last syllable before [ます] in the [え] row.
Group 3: Consists of only two verbs: します (to do) and きます (to come).
#2L14_G2
2. Verb Te-form
Sentence Pattern
V て
Group 1:
• き ⇒ いて (Exception: いき ⇒ いって)
• ぎ ⇒ いで
• み, び, に ⇒ んで
• り, い, ち ⇒ って
• し ⇒ して
Group 2:
• Drop [ます] and add [て] (e.g., たべます > たべて, ねます > ねて)
Group 3:
• します > して
• きます > きて
• き ⇒ いて (Exception: いき ⇒ いって)
• ぎ ⇒ いで
• み, び, に ⇒ んで
• り, い, ち ⇒ って
• し ⇒ して
Group 2:
• Drop [ます] and add [て] (e.g., たべます > たべて, ねます > ねて)
Group 3:
• します > して
• きます > きて
Example Sentences (2)
書きます ⇒ 書いて
→ Write -> Write (Te-form)
泳ぎます ⇒ 泳いで
→ Swim -> Swim (Te-form)
#3L14_G3
3. Requests (V て + ください)
Sentence Pattern
V て + ください
Please do... Used to politely request or ask someone to do something.
Example Sentences (3)
ちょっと 待って ください。
→ Please wait a moment.
薬を 飲んで ください。
→ Please take your medicine.
漢字を 書いて ください。
→ Please write the kanji.
#4L14_G4
4. Verb Te-form + います
Sentence Pattern
V て + います
Is doing...
Used to describe an action currently in progress at the time of speaking.
Used to describe an action currently in progress at the time of speaking.
Example Sentences (3)
今 あなたは 何を して いますか。
→ What are you doing right now?
私は 映画を 見て います。
→ I am watching a movie.
彼は 遊んで います。
→ He is playing/hanging out.
#5L14_G5
5. Verb stem (without masu) + ましょうか
Sentence Pattern
V ます + ましょうか
Shall I...? Used to offer help or to do something for someone.
Example Sentences (2)
地図を 書きましょうか。
→ Shall I draw a map for you?
ええ、お願いします。
→ Yes, please.
#6L14_G6
6. Sentence 1 が, Sentence 2
Sentence Pattern
Câu 1 が、Câu 2
Sentence continuation.
In phrases like [すみませんが] and [しつれしますが] used to open a conversation, [が] does not mean 'but', it acts merely as a sentence connector.
In phrases like [すみませんが] and [しつれしますが] used to open a conversation, [が] does not mean 'but', it acts merely as a sentence connector.
Example Sentences (2)
失礼ですが、お名前は？
→ Excuse me, but what is your name?
すみませんが、塩を 取って ください。
→ Excuse me, please pass the salt.
#7L14_G7
7. Noun [が] Verb
Sentence Pattern
N が + V
When describing a natural phenomenon, the particle [が] is used after the subject.
Example Sentences (1)
雨が 降ります。
→ It rains.
