5 key grammar patterns
#1L24_G1
1. くれます
Sentence Pattern
N1 に N2 を くれます
To give.
Unlike [あげます] which means the speaker gives to someone or someone gives to a third party, [くれます] is used when someone (of equal or lower status, or a family member) gives something to the speaker or the speaker's family member. (Note: For superiors, くださいます is used in Lesson 41).
Unlike [あげます] which means the speaker gives to someone or someone gives to a third party, [くれます] is used when someone (of equal or lower status, or a family member) gives something to the speaker or the speaker's family member. (Note: For superiors, くださいます is used in Lesson 41).
Example Sentences (3)
佐藤さんは 私に クリスマスカードを くれました。
→ Ms. Sato gave me a Christmas card.
佐藤さんは 妹に お菓子を くれました。
→ Ms. Sato gave sweets to my younger sister.
私は 佐藤さんに 花を あげました。
→ I gave flowers to Ms. Sato.
#2L24_G2
2. Vて ＋ あげます
Sentence Pattern
Vて + あげます
To do something for someone.
Expresses doing a favor for someone out of goodwill or kindness. The subject is the person performing the action.
Expresses doing a favor for someone out of goodwill or kindness. The subject is the person performing the action.
Example Sentences (3)
私は おじいさんに 道を 教えて あげました。
→ I showed the way to the old man.
私は 雪ちゃんに 日本語の 本を 貸して あげました。
→ I lent Yuki a Japanese book.
私は おばあさんに 手紙を 読んで あげました。
→ I read the letter for my grandmother.
#3L24_G3
3. Vて ＋ もらいます
Sentence Pattern
Vて + もらいます
To have someone do something for oneself.
Expresses gratitude for the action received. The subject is the receiver of the action.
Expresses gratitude for the action received. The subject is the receiver of the action.
Example Sentences (3)
私は 田中さんに 日本語を 教えて もらいました。
→ I had Mr. Tanaka teach me Japanese.
私は ハイさんに 引っ越しを 手伝って もらいました。
→ I had Mr. Hai help me move.
私は 友達に ケーキを 作って もらいました。
→ I had my friend make a cake for me.
#4L24_G4
4. Vて ＋ くれます
Sentence Pattern
Vて + くれます
Someone does something for me.
Expresses gratitude similarly to [～てもらいます]. However, in [～てもらいます] the subject is the receiver, while in [～てくれます] the subject is the doer of the action. Since the receiver is usually the speaker, [わたしに] (to me) is often omitted.
Expresses gratitude similarly to [～てもらいます]. However, in [～てもらいます] the subject is the receiver, while in [～てくれます] the subject is the doer of the action. Since the receiver is usually the speaker, [わたしに] (to me) is often omitted.
Example Sentences (2)
加藤さんは (私に) 宿題を 出して くれました。
→ Mr. Kato submitted the homework (for me).
誰に 日本語を 教えて もらいましたか。
糸永先生に 教えて もらいました。
糸永先生に 教えて もらいました。
→ Who taught you Japanese? I had Ms. Itonaga teach me.
#5L24_G5
5. N (Person) が V / Interrogative が V
Sentence Pattern
N (người) + が + V
từ nghi vấn + が + V
Used when adding new information.
In this case, the subject must be marked with the particle [が]. For all interrogative sentences where the question word acts as the subject, [が] must be used.
In this case, the subject must be marked with the particle [が]. For all interrogative sentences where the question word acts as the subject, [が] must be used.
Example Sentences (2)
素敵な ネクタイですね。
ええ、佐藤さんが くれました。
ええ、佐藤さんが くれました。
→ That's a nice tie! Yes, Ms. Sato gave it to me.
誰が 手伝いに 行きますか。
カリナさんが 行きます。
カリナさんが 行きます。
→ Who will go to help? Karina will go.
