5 key grammar patterns
#1L15_G1
1. V Te-form + もいいです / もいいですか
Sentence Pattern
V て + もいいです
V て + もいいですか
May I do V...?
/ You may do V...
Used to grant permission to someone or to ask for permission to do something.
/ You may do V...
Used to grant permission to someone or to ask for permission to do something.
Example Sentences (3)
ここで 写真を 撮っても いいですか。
→ May I take pictures here?
写真を 撮っても いいです。
→ You may take pictures.
煙草を 吸っても いいですか。
→ May I smoke?
#2L15_G2
2. V Te-form + は いけません
Sentence Pattern
V て + は いけません
Must not do V...
Used to express prohibition.
Often used to state rules or regulations at a specific place.
If replying to a permission question: はい、いいです (Yes, you may) or いいえ、いけません (No, you must not).
Used to express prohibition.
Often used to state rules or regulations at a specific place.
If replying to a permission question: はい、いいです (Yes, you may) or いいえ、いけません (No, you must not).
Example Sentences (2)
ここで 煙草を 吸っては いけません。
→ You must not smoke here.
先生、 ここで 遊んでも いいですか。 いいえ、いけません。
→ Teacher, may we play here? No, you must not.
#3L15_G3
3. V Te-form + います (Habits/Occupations)
Sentence Pattern
V て + います
Used to describe customs, habits, or actions repeated over a long period.
It is also used to talk about or ask for someone's occupation or current situation, such as answering the question 'What is your job?' [お仕事は何ですか].
It is also used to talk about or ask for someone's occupation or current situation, such as answering the question 'What is your job?' [お仕事は何ですか].
Example Sentences (3)
私は 今 日本語を 教えて います。
→ I am currently teaching Japanese (as a profession).
ミラーさんは IMCで 働いて います。
→ Mr. Miller works at IMC company.
妹は 大学で 勉強して います。
→ My younger sister is studying at a university.
#4L15_G4
4. V Te-form + います (State/Result)
Sentence Pattern
V て + います
Used to describe a current state resulting from a past action that continues to the present.
[しっています]: means you acquired information and still know it.
[けっこんしています]: means you got married and are currently married.
[まだ結婚していません]: means not yet married.
[しっています]: means you acquired information and still know it.
[けっこんしています]: means you got married and are currently married.
[まだ結婚していません]: means not yet married.
Example Sentences (2)
私は 田中さんを 知って います。
→ I know Mr. Tanaka.
私は 大阪に 住んで います。
→ I live in Osaka.
#5L15_G5
5. 知りません
Sentence Pattern
Do not know. The negative form of [しっています] (know) is [しりません], not [しっていません].
Example Sentences (3)
市役所の 電話番号を 知って いますか。
→ Do you know the telephone number of the city hall?
はい、知って います。
→ Yes, I know.
いいえ、知りません。
→ No, I do not know.
