5 key grammar patterns
#1L44_G1
1. ～すぎます (Too much / Excessively)
Sentence Pattern
Vます + すぎます
Aい + すぎます
Aな + すぎます
Too much / Excessively.
Expresses an action or state that exceeds the permissible limit.
This pattern usually carries a negative connotation (too much of something).
The word [～すぎます] itself functions as a Group 2 V.
Expresses an action or state that exceeds the permissible limit.
This pattern usually carries a negative connotation (too much of something).
The word [～すぎます] itself functions as a Group 2 V.
Example Sentences (3)
きのうの晩 お酒を 飲みすぎました。
→ Last night, I drank too much alcohol.
この シャツは 大きすぎます。
→ This shirt is too big.
この 本は 複雑すぎます。
→ This book is too complicated.
#2L44_G2
2. ～やすいです / ～にくいです (Easy to ~ / Hard to ~)
Sentence Pattern
Vます + やすいです
Vます + にくいです
Easy to ~ / Hard to ~.
Evaluates whether an action is easy or difficult to do. The phrases [～やすい] and [～にくい] function and conjugate just like i-As.
Evaluates whether an action is easy or difficult to do. The phrases [～やすい] and [～にくい] function and conjugate just like i-As.
Example Sentences (3)
この 薬は 飲みやすいです。
→ This medicine is easy to take.
白い シャツは 汚れやすいです。
→ White shirts get dirty easily.
この コップは 割れにくくて、安全ですよ。
→ This cup is hard to break, so it's safe.
#3L44_G3
3. ～します (To make something ~)
Sentence Pattern
Aい + く + します
Aな + に + します
N + に + します
To make an N become an A or another N.
This [～します] pattern is the transitive counterpart to the intransitive [～なります].
This [～します] pattern is the transitive counterpart to the intransitive [～なります].
Example Sentences (3)
髪を 短く します。
→ I will cut my hair short (make my hair short).
部屋を きれいに します。
→ I will make the room clean (clean the room).
塩の 量を 半分に しました。
→ I halved the amount of salt (made it into half).
#4L44_G4
4. ～にします (To decide on ~ / To choose ~)
Sentence Pattern
N に します
To decide on ~ / To choose ~.
Expresses a human decision and intentional choice.
Expresses a human decision and intentional choice.
Example Sentences (2)
ホテルは どこに しますか。
→ Which hotel have you decided on?
会議は あしたに します。
→ Let's have the meeting tomorrow (decided to postpone it to tomorrow).
#5L44_G5
5. Adjectives modifying Verbs (Adverbs)
Sentence Pattern
Aい + く + V
Aな + に + V
Adjectives modifying Verbs (Adverbs).
Turns an A into an adverb to modify a V. [～なります] is a small case of this structure.
Turns an A into an adverb to modify a V. [～なります] is a small case of this structure.
Example Sentences (2)
野菜を 細かく 切って ください。
→ Please cut the vegetables finely.
電気や 水は 大切に 使います。
→ We use electricity and water carefully (with care).
