4 key grammar patterns
#1L30_G1
1. Transitive V (て-form) ＋ あります
Sentence Pattern
N + が + V (tha động từ・thể て) + あります
Is / Has been ~.
Used to describe the resulting state of an N after someone has intentionally acted upon it.
Used to describe the resulting state of an N after someone has intentionally acted upon it.
Example Sentences (2)
ドアを 開けます。
ドアが 開けてあります。
ドアが 開けてあります。
→ Open the door. The door has been opened (and remains open).
封筒に 切手が 貼ってあります。
→ A stamp is put on the envelope.
#2L30_G2
2. Distinguishing Transitive V ＋ てある and Intransitive V ＋ ている
Sentence Pattern
N + が + V (tha động từ・thể て) + あります
N + が + V (tự động từ・thể て) + います
Describing states and conditions.
Both are used to describe situations and phenomena, but a Transitive V with [て あります] indicates the result of an intentional action by someone.
Both are used to describe situations and phenomena, but a Transitive V with [て あります] indicates the result of an intentional action by someone.
Example Sentences (1)
ドアを 開けます。
ドアが 開けてあります。 (他動詞)
ドアが 開いています。 (自動詞)
ドアが 開けてあります。 (他動詞)
ドアが 開いています。 (自動詞)
→ Open the door. The door is kept open. (Transitive - someone intentionally opened it). The door is open. (Intransitive - the state of the door being open).
#3L30_G3
3. ～Vて ＋ おきます
Sentence Pattern
～ trước ～ Vて + おきます
～ たら、～ Vて + おきます
～ giữ nguyên、～ Vて + おきます
To prepare in advance / Maintain.
Used to deal with a situation after performing an action, or to provide a temporary solution. It also means to leave something as it is or maintain a certain state.
Used to deal with a situation after performing an action, or to provide a temporary solution. It also means to leave something as it is or maintain a certain state.
Example Sentences (1)
旅行に 行く 前に 何を して おいたら いいですか。
ホテルを 予約して おいたら いいですよ。
ホテルを 予約して おいたら いいですよ。
→ What should I prepare before going on a trip? It is a good idea to book a hotel in advance.
#4L30_G4
4. まだ ～Vて ＋ いる
Sentence Pattern
N + は + まだ + Vて + います
Still doing / happening.
Expresses a state or an action that is currently ongoing and continuing.
Expresses a state or an action that is currently ongoing and continuing.
Example Sentences (1)
雨は もう やみましたか。
いいえ、まだ 降っていますよ。
いいえ、まだ 降っていますよ。
→ Has the rain stopped yet? No, it is still raining.
