3 key grammar patterns
#1L28_G1
1. V1 ＋ ながら、 V2
Sentence Pattern
V1 (ます) + ながら、V2
While doing ~ and ~.
Expresses two actions happening simultaneously. V1 drops the [ます] suffix. The main action is V2. Tense and other grammatical forms are determined by V2.
Expresses two actions happening simultaneously. V1 drops the [ます] suffix. The main action is V2. Tense and other grammatical forms are determined by V2.
Example Sentences (4)
音楽を 聴きながら 食事します。
→ I eat while listening to music.
勉強しながら 働きます。
→ I work while studying.
歌を 歌いながら 歩きます。
→ Walking while singing a song.
話しながら 散歩しませんか。
→ Shall we take a walk while talking?
#2L28_G2
2. ～て います
Sentence Pattern
～は + N + を + Vて います
Usually ~ / Always ~.
Used to express a habit or a repeatedly performed action. For a habit in the past, use [Vて いました].
Used to express a habit or a repeatedly performed action. For a habit in the past, use [Vて いました].
Example Sentences (2)
毎朝 ジョギングを しています。
→ I jog every morning.
毎朝 6時に 起きています。
→ I wake up at 6 o'clock every morning.
#3L28_G3
3. ～し、～し～
Sentence Pattern
V / A / N (thể thông thường) + し、～し、～
～し、～し、それに～
～し、～し、それで～
Not only ~ but also ~.
Used to list multiple reasons or prominent characteristics. The particle [も] is often used for emphasis. [それに] (besides/in addition) is used to add progressive ideas, while [それで] (therefore) is used to indicate a resulting conclusion from the listed reasons.
Used to list multiple reasons or prominent characteristics. The particle [も] is often used for emphasis. [それに] (besides/in addition) is used to add progressive ideas, while [それで] (therefore) is used to indicate a resulting conclusion from the listed reasons.
Example Sentences (2)
ワット先生は 熱心だし、 真面目だし、 経験も あります。
→ Mr. Watt is enthusiastic, serious, and also experienced.
熱も あるし、 頭も 痛いし、 今日は 会社を 休みました。
→ I had a fever and a headache, so I took the day off from work today.
