4 key grammar patterns
#1L37_G1
1. Passive Form Conjugation
Sentence Pattern
Ⅰ : V (い段) → V (あ段) + れます
Ⅱ : Vます + られます
Ⅲ : きます → こられます / します → されます
Is / Has been ~.
Rules for conjugating V into the passive form. Group I: Change from the [い] column to the [あ] column ＋ [れます]. Group II: Replace [ます] with [られます]. Group III: きます becomes こられます, します becomes されます.
Rules for conjugating V into the passive form. Group I: Change from the [い] column to the [あ] column ＋ [れます]. Group II: Replace [ます] with [られます]. Group III: きます becomes こられます, します becomes されます.
Example Sentences (2)
書きます → 書かれます
聞きます → 聞かれます
聞きます → 聞かれます
→ Write → Is written Listen → Is listened to
見ます → 見られます
調べます → 調べられます
褒めます → 褒められます
調べます → 調べられます
褒めます → 褒められます
→ See → Is seen Investigate → Is investigated Praise → Is praised
#2L37_G2
2. Passive Sentences
Sentence Pattern
N1 + は + N2 + に + V (thể bị động)
Is / Gets ~ by ~.
Basic passive structure. While some passive V mean 'to be given/helped' (received positively), the majority of passive sentences in Japanese are used when the speaker feels annoyed, troubled, or adversely affected by an action. It is generally not used to express gratitude.
Basic passive structure. While some passive V mean 'to be given/helped' (received positively), the majority of passive sentences in Japanese are used when the speaker feels annoyed, troubled, or adversely affected by an action. It is generally not used to express gratitude.
Example Sentences (2)
私は 部長に 褒められました。
→ I was praised by the department manager.
私は 犬に 噛まれました。
→ I was bitten by a dog.
#3L37_G3
3. ～によって (By ~)
Sentence Pattern
N + が / は + V (thể bị động)
N1 + は + N2 + によって + V (thể bị động)
Done by / Discovered by ~.
Indicates the doer of the action in a passive sentence. Also used when talking about widespread historical events, famous works of art, inventions, or discoveries made by specific notable figures.
Indicates the doer of the action in a passive sentence. Also used when talking about widespread historical events, famous works of art, inventions, or discoveries made by specific notable figures.
Example Sentences (2)
フランスで 昔の 日本の 絵が 発見されました。
→ An old Japanese painting was discovered in France.
『キューヴァン』は Nguyễn Du によって 書かれました。
→ Truyen Kieu was written by Nguyen Du.
#4L37_G4
4. Distinguishing から and で
Sentence Pattern
N (nguyên liệu) + から + V (thể bị động)
N (vật liệu) + で + V (thể bị động)
Made from / Made of (Raw materials vs. Materials).
[から] is used when the raw material undergoes a chemical or structural change through processing, so the original material is no longer visible in the final product. [で] is used when the original material is still clearly recognizable and unchanged in its physical form in the final product.
[から] is used when the raw material undergoes a chemical or structural change through processing, so the original material is no longer visible in the final product. [で] is used when the original material is still clearly recognizable and unchanged in its physical form in the final product.
Example Sentences (2)
紙は 木から 作られます。
→ Paper is made from wood.
この 机は 木で 作られます。
→ This desk is made of wood.
