5 key grammar patterns
#1L17_G1
1. V Nai-form (Negative form)
Sentence Pattern
Nhóm 1: V[-i]ます → V[-a]ない
(Ngoại lệ: い → わ、あります → ない)
Nhóm 2: Vます → Vない
Nhóm 3: します → しない / きます → こない
Negative form.
Group 1: change the [-i] sound to [-a] and add ない (Exception: い becomes わ; あります becomes ない).
Group 2: drop [-ます] and add ない.
Group 3: します becomes しない, きます becomes こない.
Group 1: change the [-i] sound to [-a] and add ない (Exception: い becomes わ; あります becomes ない).
Group 2: drop [-ます] and add ない.
Group 3: します becomes しない, きます becomes こない.
Example Sentences (2)
書きます ⇒ 書かない
→ Write -> Do not write
会います ⇒ 会わない
→ Meet -> Do not meet
#2L17_G2
2. V Nai-form + でください
Sentence Pattern
Vない + でください
Please do not V... Used to advise or request someone not to V.
Example Sentences (2)
私は 元気ですから、 心配しないで ください。
→ I'm fine, so please don't worry.
ここで 写真を 撮らないで ください。
→ Please do not take pictures here.
#3L17_G3
3. V なければ なりません
Sentence Pattern
Vなければ + なりません
Must V...
/ Have to V...
Expresses an obligation or something that must be done regardless of the person's will.
Formed by dropping [い] from the V Nai-form and adding [ければなりません].
/ Have to V...
Expresses an obligation or something that must be done regardless of the person's will.
Formed by dropping [い] from the V Nai-form and adding [ければなりません].
Example Sentences (2)
薬を 飲まなければ なりません。
→ I must take medicine.
毎日 日本語を 勉強しなければ なりません。
→ I must study Japanese every day.
#4L17_G4
4. V なくても いいです
Sentence Pattern
Vなくても + いいです
Do not have to V... / Need not V... Expresses that V is unnecessary.
Example Sentences (2)
明日 来なくても いいです。
→ You don't have to come tomorrow.
土曜日の 午後 勉強しなくても いいですか。
→ Is it okay if I don't study on Saturday afternoon?
#5L17_G5
5. N (time) + までに + V
Sentence Pattern
N (thời gian) + までに + V
By N (time/deadline).
An action or task V must be completed before the deadline specified by [までに].
Note that [までに] is different from the particles [まで] (until) and [に] (at).
An action or task V must be completed before the deadline specified by [までに].
Note that [までに] is different from the particles [まで] (until) and [に] (at).
Example Sentences (2)
会議は 5時までに 終わります。
→ The meeting will end by 5 o'clock.
土曜日までに 本を 返さなければ なりません。
→ I must return the book by Saturday.
