7 key grammar patterns
#1L16_G1
1. V Te-form, [V Te-form,] ~
Sentence Pattern
V1て、[V2て、] ～ Vnて
Do ~, and do ~.
A pattern using the 「て」 form to connect two or more V describing actions by the same subject in chronological order.
The tense of the sentence is determined by the final V.
A pattern using the 「て」 form to connect two or more V describing actions by the same subject in chronological order.
The tense of the sentence is determined by the final V.
Example Sentences (2)
朝 ジョギングを して、 シャワーを あびて、 会社へ 行きます。
→ In the morning, I jog, take a shower, and go to work.
神戸へ 行って、 映画を 見て、 お茶を 飲みました。
→ I went to Kobe, watched a movie, and drank tea.
#2L16_G2
2. V1 て から、V2
Sentence Pattern
V1て から、V2
After doing V1, V2.
Expresses that V2 is performed after V1 has finished.
The tense of the sentence is determined by the final V.
Expresses that V2 is performed after V1 has finished.
The tense of the sentence is determined by the final V.
Example Sentences (2)
国へ 帰ってから、 父の 会社で 働きます。
→ After returning to my country, I will work at my father's company.
コンサートが 終わってから、 レストランで 食事しました。
→ After the concert ended, I had a meal at a restaurant.
#3L16_G3
3-1. A (I-adjective) → ～くて、～
Sentence Pattern
Aい → Aくて、～
A ~, A ~.
A pattern used to connect an A (I-adjective) to another phrase or sentence.
When connecting, drop [い] and add [くて].
The final A keeps [い].
A pattern used to connect an A (I-adjective) to another phrase or sentence.
When connecting, drop [い] and add [くて].
The final A keeps [い].
Example Sentences (2)
ミラーさんは 若くて、 元気です。
→ Mr. Miller is young and energetic.
昨日は 天気が よくて、 暑いです。
→ Yesterday the weather was good and hot.
#4L16_G4
3-2. N / A (Na-adjective) + で、～
Sentence Pattern
N で、～
Aな → Aで、～
N / A ~, and...
A pattern used to connect N or A (Na-adjective) describing the same or different topics.
For contrasting clauses, [が] is used instead.
A pattern used to connect N or A (Na-adjective) describing the same or different topics.
For contrasting clauses, [が] is used instead.
Example Sentences (2)
ミラーさんは ハンサムで、 親切です。
→ Mr. Miller is handsome and kind.
奈良は きれいで、 静かな 街です。
→ Nara is a beautiful and quiet town.
#5L16_G5
4. N1 は N2 が A
Sentence Pattern
N1 は N2 が A です
As for N1, N2 is A.
N1 is the general topic/theme of the sentence, and N2 is the specific subject modified by the A.
N1 is the general topic/theme of the sentence, and N2 is the specific subject modified by the A.
Example Sentences (3)
大阪は 食べ物が おいしいです。
→ As for Osaka, the food is delicious.
ドイツの フランケンは ワインが 有名です。
→ As for Franken in Germany, the wine is famous.
マリアさんは 髪が 長いです。
→ Maria has long hair.
#6L16_G6
5. どうやって (How / By what means)
Sentence Pattern
どうやって
A question word used to ask about the procedure or method of doing something.
In the answer, V are connected using the て form.
In the answer, V are connected using the て form.
Example Sentences (2)
大学まで どうやって 行きますか。
→ How do you get to the university?
京都駅で 16番の バスに 乗って、 大学前で 降ります。
→ Take the number 16 bus at Kyoto Station and get off in front of the university.
#7L16_G7
6. どの + N (Which N)
Sentence Pattern
どの + N
Placed before an N, used to identify a specific object or person from a group of three or more options.
Example Sentences (2)
サントスさんは どの人ですか。
→ Which person is Mr. Santos?
あの 背が 高くて、 髪が 黒い人です。
→ He is the tall person with black hair.
