5 key grammar patterns
#1L25_G1
1. V / A / N (Plain form past tense) + ら
Sentence Pattern
V / A / N (thể thông thường・quá khứ) + ら
If / Supposing...
Used when the speaker wants to express their opinion, situation, or request based on a hypothetical condition.
Used when the speaker wants to express their opinion, situation, or request based on a hypothetical condition.
Example Sentences (2)
暇だったら、 手伝って ください。
→ If you are free, please help me out.
いい天気だったら、 散歩しませんか。
→ If the weather is nice, would you like to take a walk?
#2L25_G2
2. Vた ＋ ら
Sentence Pattern
Vた + ら
After ~.
Describes an action that will be performed after a certain event occurs. The tense of the main clause is always in the present/future.
Describes an action that will be performed after a certain event occurs. The tense of the main clause is always in the present/future.
Example Sentences (1)
何時ごろ 見学に 行きますか。
昼ごはんを 食べたら、 すぐ 行きます。
昼ごはんを 食べたら、 すぐ 行きます。
→ About what time will we go for the tour? After eating lunch, we will go immediately.
#3L25_G3
3. Concessive condition (~ても / ~でも)
Sentence Pattern
Vて + も
Aい → Aくて + も
Aな → Aで + も
N + でも
Even if... / Even though...
Used when an action that is expected to be done in a certain situation is not done, or when the result contradicts common sense.
Used when an action that is expected to be done in a certain situation is not done, or when the result contradicts common sense.
Example Sentences (2)
静かでも、 寝る ことが できません。
→ Even though it is quiet, I cannot sleep.
日曜日でも、 仕事を します。
→ Even though it is Sunday, I still work.
#4L25_G4
4. もし and いくら
Sentence Pattern
もし + ～たら
いくら + ～ても / ～でも
Usage of もし and いくら.
[もし] is used with the conditional [~たら] to emphasize the speaker's hypothesis. [いくら] is used with the concessive [~ても / ~でも] to emphasize the degree of the condition.
[もし] is used with the conditional [~たら] to emphasize the speaker's hypothesis. [いくら] is used with the concessive [~ても / ~でも] to emphasize the degree of the condition.
Example Sentences (2)
もし 1億円 あったら、 いろいろな 国を 旅行したいです。
→ If I had 100 million yen, I would want to travel to various countries.
いくら 考えても、 分かりません。
→ No matter how much I think about it, I don't understand.
#5L25_G5
5. N + が (In Subordinate Clauses)
Sentence Pattern
N + が (trong mệnh đề phụ)
Subject marker in subordinate clauses.
A particle indicating the subject in a subordinate clause. In addition to subordinate clauses with [から], the subject in clauses with [～たら], [～ても], [～と], [～とき], [～まえに], etc., is also marked with [が].
A particle indicating the subject in a subordinate clause. In addition to subordinate clauses with [から], the subject in clauses with [～たら], [～ても], [～と], [～とき], [～まえに], etc., is also marked with [が].
Example Sentences (2)
妻が 病気の とき、 会社を 休みます。
→ When my wife is sick, I take a day off from work.
友達が 約束の 時間に 来なかったら、 どうしますか。
→ If your friend doesn't come at the appointed time, what will you do?
