Minna no Nihongo Grammar Lesson 6: Actions, eating and drinking, places where actions are performed.

Lesson 6: Actions, eating and drinking, places where actions are performed.

Beginner 1 (N5)
Minna no Nihongo (Classic) • 7 key grammar patterns
7 key grammar patterns
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1. Noun + を + Verb

Sentence Pattern
N + を + V
To do something. The verb used here is a transitive verb (an action that affects a person or object). を and お are pronounced the same, but を is only used to write the particle.
Example Sentences (1)
ジュースを 飲のみます。

→ I drink juice.

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2. Noun + を + します

Sentence Pattern
N + を + します
To do something. The verb します can be used with various nouns (objects) to perform the action indicated by the noun. Noun (place) + で indicates where the action takes place.
Example Sentences (3)
サッカーを します。

→ Play soccer.

トランプを します。

→ Play cards.

パーティーを します。

→ Have a party.

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3. なん and なに (What)

Sentence Pattern
何なん
何なに
Both mean 'What', but are used in different cases. [なん]: Before words starting with the t, d, or n rows, or before counter suffixes. [なに]: Used in all other cases.
Example Sentences (5)
それは 何なんですか。

→ What is that?

何なんの 本ほんですか。

→ What kind of book is it?

寝る前に、何と 言いますか。ねるまえに、なんといいますか。

→ What do you say before going to sleep?

テレサちゃんは 何歳なんさいですか。

→ How old is Teresa?

何なにを 買かいますか。

→ What will you buy?

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4. Noun (place) + で + Verb

Sentence Pattern
N (địa điểm) + で + V
Doing what, where. Placed after a place noun, the particle [で] indicates the location where the action occurs.
Example Sentences (1)
駅えきで 新聞しんぶんを 買かいます。

→ I buy a newspaper at the station.

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5. Verb + ませんか

Sentence Pattern
V + ませんか
Won't you do...? Used when you invite someone to do something together.
Example Sentences (2)
一緒いっしょに 京都きょうとへ 行いきませんか。

→ Won't you go to Kyoto together?

ええ、いいですね。

→ Yes, that sounds good.

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6. Verb + ましょう

Sentence Pattern
V + ましょう
Let's do... Suggests doing something together. An invitation using V ませんか shows more consideration for the listener's wishes than V ましょう.
Example Sentences (2)
ちょっと 休やすみましょう。

→ Let's take a short break.

一緒いっしょに 食たべに 行いきましょう！

→ Let's go eat together!

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7. お, ご Politeness Prefixes

Sentence Pattern
お
ご
The prefix [お] is placed before words related to the listener or others to show respect. However, there are also words that use お which don't inherently convey a meaning of respect or politeness.
Example Sentences (3)
お酒さけ

→ Alcohol / Sake

お茶ちゃ

→ Tea

お金かね

→ Money

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