3 key grammar patterns
#1L39_G1
1. ～て / ～で (Indicating Cause/Reason)
Sentence Pattern
Vて / Vなくて
Aい + くて
Aな + で
N + で
Indicates cause or reason.
The following clause is the result arising from that cause. Often used with: (1) Vs of potential/state; (2) As or Vs expressing feelings/emotions; (3) Past situations. Note: You cannot use volitional forms (intentions, requests, etc.) in the second clause.
The following clause is the result arising from that cause. Often used with: (1) Vs of potential/state; (2) As or Vs expressing feelings/emotions; (3) Past situations. Note: You cannot use volitional forms (intentions, requests, etc.) in the second clause.
Example Sentences (4)
話が 複雑で、 あまり 分かりませんでした。
→ I didn't understand much because the story was complicated.
家族に 会えなくて、 寂しいです。
→ I am lonely because I cannot meet my family.
事故が あって、 バスが 遅れて しまいました。
→ Because there was an accident, the bus was late.
地震で ビルが 倒れました。
→ The building collapsed due to the earthquake.
#2L39_G2
2. ～ので (Because / Since)
Sentence Pattern
thể thông thường + ので、～
N / Aな + ので、～
Used to gently state a reason or cause.
It is often used when asking for permission, giving an opinion, or making an excuse. Commands or prohibitions cannot be used after [ので]. Using the polite form (丁寧形) before [ので] makes it even more formal and polite.
It is often used when asking for permission, giving an opinion, or making an excuse. Commands or prohibitions cannot be used after [ので]. Using the polite form (丁寧形) before [ので] makes it even more formal and polite.
Example Sentences (2)
どうして 引っ越し したんですか。
鳥の 声を 聞くのが 好きなので、 田舎に 引っ越し しました。
鳥の 声を 聞くのが 好きなので、 田舎に 引っ越し しました。
→ A: Why did you move? B: Because I like listening to the birds sing, I moved to the countryside.
バスが なかなか 来なかったので、 大学に 遅れました。
→ Because the bus didn't come for a long time, I was late for university.
#3L39_G3
3. ～途中で (On the way / In the middle of)
Sentence Pattern
N + の / Vる + 途中 で、～
On the way, or in the middle of doing something.
Another action occurs.
Another action occurs.
Example Sentences (1)
アジア旅行の 途中で ベトナムに 寄りました。
→ On the way of traveling in Asia, I dropped by Vietnam.
