3 key grammar patterns
#1L48_G1
1. Causative Verb Conjugation (使役形)
Sentence Pattern
V 1 [i]段 → [a]段 + せます / せる
V 2 Vます + させます / させる
V 3 します → させます / させる
来ます → 来 させます / 来 させる
Causative Verb Conjugation (使役形).
Group 1 Vs: Change the [i] sound to [a] and add せます (e.g., 書きます -> 書かせます).
Group 2 Vs: Drop [ます] and add [させます] for polite form or [させる] for plain form (e.g., 食べます -> 食べさせます).
Group 3 Vs: します becomes させます; 来ます becomes 来(こ)させます.
Group 1 Vs: Change the [i] sound to [a] and add せます (e.g., 書きます -> 書かせます).
Group 2 Vs: Drop [ます] and add [させます] for polite form or [させる] for plain form (e.g., 食べます -> 食べさせます).
Group 3 Vs: します becomes させます; 来ます becomes 来(こ)させます.
#2L48_G2
2. Causative Sentences (Make / Let someone do)
Sentence Pattern
N (người) + を + V使役 (tự động từ)
N (người) + に + V使役 (tha động từ)
Person A makes/lets Person B do something.
Characteristics: Person B cannot refuse; Person A is usually someone of higher status (目上 - superior) than Person B.
It is also used to express evoking an emotion in someone else.
Characteristics: Person B cannot refuse; Person A is usually someone of higher status (目上 - superior) than Person B.
It is also used to express evoking an emotion in someone else.
Example Sentences (3)
私は 娘を 自由に 遊ばせました。
→ I let my daughter play freely (Intransitive V uses particle を).
先生は 学生に 自由に 意見を 言わせます。
→ The teacher lets the students freely express their opinions (Transitive V uses particle に).
息子は 野菜が 嫌いです。でも、体に いいですから 毎日 できるだけ たくさん 食べさせます。
→ My son hates vegetables. However, because they are good for his health, I make him eat as much as possible every day.
#3L48_G3
3. Causative て-form + いただけませんか (Could you please let me...)
Sentence Pattern
V使役て + いただけませんか
Could you please let me...
Used to politely ask for permission to do something yourself.
(Note: Different from the standard V て-form + いただけませんか, which is asking someone else to do something for you).
Used to politely ask for permission to do something yourself.
(Note: Different from the standard V て-form + いただけませんか, which is asking someone else to do something for you).
Example Sentences (1)
コピー機を 使わせて いただけませんか。
→ Could you please let me use the copy machine?
