7 key grammar patterns
#1L21_G1
1. V / A / N (Plain form) ＋ と 思います
Sentence Pattern
V / A / N (thể thông thường) + と 思 います
～について どう 思 いますか
I think that...
Used to express a judgment or consideration. When guessing a negative content, the part before [と] must be in the negative form. To ask someone's opinion, use [〜について どうおもいますか] (What do you think about ~?), without using [と] after [どう].
Used to express a judgment or consideration. When guessing a negative content, the part before [と] must be in the negative form. To ask someone's opinion, use [〜について どうおもいますか] (What do you think about ~?), without using [と] after [どう].
Example Sentences (2)
明日 雨が 降ると 思います。
→ I think it will rain tomorrow.
日本は 物価が 高いと 思います。
→ I think prices in Japan are high.
#2L21_G2
2. "Sentence" / V / A / N (Plain form) ＋ と 言います
Sentence Pattern
「Câu」 + と 言 います
V / A / N (thể thông thường) + と 言 います
...said that...
Used to quote someone. Direct quotes are kept exactly as spoken inside the Japanese quotation marks 「」.
Used to quote someone. Direct quotes are kept exactly as spoken inside the Japanese quotation marks 「」.
Example Sentences (2)
寝る前に、「お休みなさい」と 言います。
→ Before sleeping, we say "Oyasuminasai" (Good night).
ミラーさんは 来週 東京へ 出張すると 言いました。
→ Mr. Miller said that he will go on a business trip to Tokyo next week.
#3L21_G3
3. V / A / N (Plain form) ＋ でしょう？
Sentence Pattern
V / A / N (thể thông thường) + でしょう？
..., right? / isn't it?
Expresses a prediction with 70-80% certainty. [でしょう] is pronounced with a rising intonation like a question to confirm the listener's agreement.
Expresses a prediction with 70-80% certainty. [でしょう] is pronounced with a rising intonation like a question to confirm the listener's agreement.
Example Sentences (2)
日曜日に 映画を 見に 行くでしょう？
→ You are going to see a movie on Sunday, right?
山田先生は 親切でしょう？
→ Mr. Yamada is kind, isn't he?
#4L21_G4
4. N1 (Place) ＋ で ＋ N2 (Event) ＋ が あります
Sentence Pattern
N1 (địa điểm) + で + N2 (sự kiện) + が あります
Event N2 is held/takes place at Place N1.
N2 represents an event, so [あります] means 'to be held' or 'to take place'. With V + Events, the particle で is used to indicate the location.
N2 represents an event, so [あります] means 'to be held' or 'to take place'. With V + Events, the particle で is used to indicate the location.
Example Sentences (2)
神戸で 大きい 地震が ありました。
→ A large earthquake occurred in Kobe.
明日、 雪ちゃんの 家で パーティーが あります。
→ Tomorrow, there will be a party at Yuki's house.
#5L21_G5
5. N (Event) ＋ で
Sentence Pattern
N (sự việc) + で
Usage of the particle で.
Used to indicate the situation, context, or abstract location where N takes place.
Used to indicate the situation, context, or abstract location where N takes place.
Example Sentences (1)
会議で 何か 意見を 言いましたか。
→ Did you express any opinions at the meeting?
#6L21_G6
6. N ＋ でも ＋ V
Sentence Pattern
N + でも + V
Something like N.
Used to make a suggestion or to casually invite someone to do V together.
Used to make a suggestion or to casually invite someone to do V together.
Example Sentences (1)
ちょっと ビールでも 飲みませんか。
→ Would you like to drink a beer or something?
#7L21_G7
7. V Nai-form ＋ と。
Sentence Pattern
Vない + と。
Must do... / Have to...
This is a shortened, conversational form of [V ない ＋ といけません], where [いけません] is omitted. It has the same meaning as [V ない ＋ なければなりません] (must do).
This is a shortened, conversational form of [V ない ＋ といけません], where [いけません] is omitted. It has the same meaning as [V ない ＋ なければなりません] (must do).
Example Sentences (1)
もう 帰らないと。。。
→ I have to go home now...
