4 key grammar patterns
#1L34_G1
1. ～とおりに
Sentence Pattern
N + の / V1 (thể từ điển / thể た) + とおりに、V2
N + どおりに、V2
Exactly as / According to ~.
Used to indicate that an action (V2) is performed exactly as described by an N or V1. (Note: When attached directly to an N without の, it becomes どおり).
Used to indicate that an action (V2) is performed exactly as described by an N or V1. (Note: When attached directly to an N without の, it becomes どおり).
Example Sentences (3)
線の とおりに 紙を 折りました。
→ I folded the paper along the line (exactly as the line).
線どおりに 紙を 折りました。
→ I folded the paper along the line.
見た とおりに、書いて ください。
→ Please write down exactly what you saw.
#2L34_G2
2. ～あとで
Sentence Pattern
N + の / V1 (thể た) + あとで、V2
After ~.
Emphasizes the chronological order of V2, meaning V2 only happens after V1 has occurred. The tense of the sentence (future, present, past) is determined by the final verb (V2).
Emphasizes the chronological order of V2, meaning V2 only happens after V1 has occurred. The tense of the sentence (future, present, past) is determined by the final verb (V2).
Example Sentences (2)
食事の あとで、 何を しますか。
カラオケに 行きましょう。
カラオケに 行きましょう。
→ What will we do after eating? Let's go to karaoke.
新しいのを 買った あとで、 無くした 時計が 見つかりました。
→ After I bought a new one, I found the watch I had lost.
#3L34_G3
3. ～て
Sentence Pattern
V1 (thể て) + V2
Method / Accompanying Action.
Indicates method or state. Performing V2 while in the state of or accompanied by V1.
Indicates method or state. Performing V2 while in the state of or accompanied by V1.
Example Sentences (1)
刺身を 食べる 時、 いつも しょうゆを つけて 食べます。
そうですか、 私は しょうゆを つけないで 食べますよ。
そうですか、 私は しょうゆを つけないで 食べますよ。
→ When I eat sashimi, I always dip it in soy sauce and eat it. I see. I eat it without dipping it in soy sauce.
#4L34_G4
4. ～ないで
Sentence Pattern
V1 (thể ない) + で、V2
Doing V2 without doing V1.
To do V2 without doing V1. Used when you cannot do two things at the same time, so you intentionally choose to do one thing instead of the other, or to perform V2 in a state of not performing V1.
To do V2 without doing V1. Used when you cannot do two things at the same time, so you intentionally choose to do one thing instead of the other, or to perform V2 in a state of not performing V1.
Example Sentences (1)
電気を 消さないで 寝ました。
→ I went to sleep without turning off the lights.
