4 key grammar patterns
#1L40_G1
1. ～か (Embedded Interrogative with Question Word)
Sentence Pattern
từ nghi vấn + thể thông thường + か、～
Used to embed a question containing an interrogative word (where, what time, when, etc.) into another sentence.
(Note: For Na-As and Ns in the present affirmative, drop だ).
(Note: For Na-As and Ns in the present affirmative, drop だ).
Example Sentences (3)
ビールは 何本 あるか、数えて ください。
→ Please count how many bottles of beer there are.
箱の中に 何が あるか、調べて ください。
→ Please check what is inside the box.
会議は いつ 終わるか、分かりません。
→ I don't know when the meeting will end.
#2L40_G2
2. ～か どうか (Whether or not)
Sentence Pattern
thể thông thường + か どうか、～
Used to embed a Yes/No question (a question without an interrogative word) into a sentence.
It expresses 'whether or not'. There are no question words like 何, いつ, どこ, etc. in the clause.
It expresses 'whether or not'. There are no question words like 何, いつ, どこ, etc. in the clause.
Example Sentences (2)
その 話は 本当か どうか、分かりません。
→ I don't know whether that story is true or not.
間違いが ないか どうか、調べて ください。
→ Please check whether there are any mistakes or not.
#3L40_G3
3. ～て みます (Try doing ~)
Sentence Pattern
Vて + みます
Used to express the intention to try doing a V.
Example Sentences (2)
もう 一度 考えて みます。
→ I will try thinking about it one more time.
この ズボンを 履いて みても いいですか。
→ May I try on these pants?
#4L40_G4
4. Nominalization of i-Adjectives (～さ)
Sentence Pattern
Aい + さ
We drop the [い] in an A and add [さ] to turn it into an N (usually indicating a degree or measurement).
Example Sentences (3)
高い → 高さ
→ High/Tall → Height
長い → 長さ
→ Long → Length
速い / 早い → 速さ / 早さ
→ Fast/Early → Speed/Earliness
