5 key grammar patterns
#1L41_G1
1. Giving (さしあげます / あげます / やります)
Sentence Pattern
N1 に N2 を さしあげます / あげます / やります
Vて さしあげます / あげます / やります
Vs for giving: [さしあげます] (to give to a superior), [あげます] (to give to an equal), [やります] (to give to a subordinate, animal, or plant).
Can be used with a V in the te-form to express doing a favor or an action for someone else.
Can be used with a V in the te-form to express doing a favor or an action for someone else.
Example Sentences (3)
私は 部長に コーヒーを さしあげました。
→ I gave coffee to the department manager.
私は 会社の人に ネクタイを 買って あげました。
→ I bought a necktie to give to a person at my company.
私は 花に 水を やります。
→ I water the flowers.
#2L41_G2
2. Someone gives me (くださいます / くれます)
Sentence Pattern
N1 に N2 を くださいます / くれます
Expresses that someone gives something to the speaker.
The subject of the V is never [わたし] (I).
Use [くださいます] for superiors, and [くれます] for equals or subordinates.
It is also used when the receiver is a family member of the speaker.
The subject of the V is never [わたし] (I).
Use [くださいます] for superiors, and [くれます] for equals or subordinates.
It is also used when the receiver is a family member of the speaker.
Example Sentences (3)
社長は 私に 時計を くださいます。
→ The company president gives me a watch.
母は 私に 花を くださいます。
→ My mother gives me flowers.
部長は 妹に お土産を くださいました。
→ The department manager gave my younger sister a souvenir.
#3L41_G3
3. Receiving an action (～て いただきます / ～て もらいます)
Sentence Pattern
私は N に Vて いただきます / もらいます
To have someone do something for you.
The subject is always [わたし] (I) or the speaker's in-group. Use [いただきます] to show respect for a superior, and [もらいます] for equals or subordinates.
The subject is always [わたし] (I) or the speaker's in-group. Use [いただきます] to show respect for a superior, and [もらいます] for equals or subordinates.
Example Sentences (2)
私は ThaoPhong先生に 日本語を 教えて いただきました。
→ I had ThaoPhong-sensei teach me Japanese.
私は 友達に ケーキを 作って もらいました。
→ I had my friend make a cake for me.
#4L41_G4
4. ～て くださいませんか (Polite Request)
Sentence Pattern
Vて くださいませんか
Used to politely ask someone to do a favor for you (Could you please do ~?).
The pattern [～ていただけませんか] represents an even higher degree of politeness.
The pattern [～ていただけませんか] represents an even higher degree of politeness.
Example Sentences (1)
すみませんが、 もう 一度 説明して くださいませんか。
→ Excuse me, could you please explain it to me one more time?
#5L41_G5
5. Particle に (For the purpose of / As a...)
Sentence Pattern
N に V
The particle [に] in this context means 'as a' or 'for the purpose of'.
(e.g., as a gift, for a celebration).
(e.g., as a gift, for a celebration).
Example Sentences (1)
田中さんが 結婚の お祝いに この 皿を くださいました。
→ Mr. Tanaka gave me this plate as a wedding gift.
