5 key grammar patterns
#1L32_G1
1. ～ほうが いいです
Sentence Pattern
Vた / Vない + ほうが いいです
Had better (not) do ~.
Used to give advice on what should or shouldn't be done. As this pattern can sound imposing, avoid using it with superiors. For lighter suggestions, [Vたら、いいです] is preferred.
Used to give advice on what should or shouldn't be done. As this pattern can sound imposing, avoid using it with superiors. For lighter suggestions, [Vたら、いいです] is preferred.
Example Sentences (1)
これから タバコを 吸わない ほうが いいです。
はい、分かりました。
はい、分かりました。
→ You had better not smoke from now on. Yes, I understand.
#2L32_G2
2. ～でしょう
Sentence Pattern
V / Aい (thể thông thường) + でしょう
N / Aな (thể thông thường・だ) + でしょう
Probably / I guess.
Expresses the speaker's conjecture or judgment (about 70% certainty).
Expresses the speaker's conjecture or judgment (about 70% certainty).
Example Sentences (2)
今日 ナムさんは 休みましたね。
ええ、多分 病気に なったでしょう。
ええ、多分 病気に なったでしょう。
→ Nam is absent today, isn't he? Yes, he probably got sick.
明日は 雨が 降るでしょう。
→ It will probably rain tomorrow.
#3L32_G3
3. ～かもしれません
Sentence Pattern
V / Aい (thể thông thường) + かもしれません
N / Aな (thể thông thường・だ) + かもしれません
Might / May.
Expresses the speaker's guess that a situation might occur (50% certainty or lower). Lower degree of certainty than [でしょう]. Often accompanied by the adverb [もしかしたら] at the beginning of the sentence.
Expresses the speaker's guess that a situation might occur (50% certainty or lower). Lower degree of certainty than [でしょう]. Often accompanied by the adverb [もしかしたら] at the beginning of the sentence.
Example Sentences (1)
もしかしたら 3月に 卒業できない かもしれません。
→ Perhaps I might not be able to graduate in March.
#4L32_G4
4. Adverbs of Probability
Sentence Pattern
きっと / たぶん / もしかしたら
[きっと], [たぶん], [もしかしたら].
[きっと] (Surely/Definitely) indicates a high probability, up to the level of [でしょう]. [たぶん] (Probably) expresses a lower degree of certainty than [きっと]. Adding [もしかしたら] (Perhaps/Maybe) lowers the probability compared to a sentence without it.
[きっと] (Surely/Definitely) indicates a high probability, up to the level of [でしょう]. [たぶん] (Probably) expresses a lower degree of certainty than [きっと]. Adding [もしかしたら] (Perhaps/Maybe) lowers the probability compared to a sentence without it.
Example Sentences (3)
ミラーさんは きっと 来ます。
→ Mr. Miller will surely come.
明日は きっと 雨でしょう。
→ It will definitely rain tomorrow.
多分 来るでしょう。
→ He will probably come.
#5L32_G5
5. Particle で
Sentence Pattern
số lượng + で
Limit / Scope.
The particle [で] indicates the total amount, time limit, or scope required for an action or state.
The particle [で] indicates the total amount, time limit, or scope required for an action or state.
Example Sentences (1)
3年間で 日本語を 勉強しました。
→ I studied Japanese for a total of 3 years.
