5 key grammar patterns
#1L7_G1
1. Noun (Tool/Means) + で + Verb
Sentence Pattern
N (công cụ / phương tiện) + で + V
To do something by means of something. The particle 「で」 is used to indicate the tool, means, or method used to perform an action.
Example Sentences (2)
箸で 食べます。
→ I eat with chopsticks.
日本語で レポートを 書きます。
→ I write the report in Japanese.
#2L7_G2
2. "Word/Sentence" は ~ごでなんですか
Sentence Pattern
“Từ / câu” は ～語 で 何 ですか
What is "Word/Sentence" in ~ language? Used to ask how to say a word, phrase, or sentence in another language.
Example Sentences (2)
「ありがとう」は 英語で 何ですか。
→ What is "Arigatou" in English?
「Thank You」です。
→ It is "Thank You".
#3L7_G3
3. Noun (Person) に あげます
Sentence Pattern
N (người) に あげます
To give to someone. The particle 「に」 indicates the recipient. Also used with verbs like lend, teach, send, telephone. For sending or calling, the target can be a place, taking the particle 「へ」 instead of 「に」.
Example Sentences (3)
山田さんは 木村さんに 花を あげました。
→ Mr. Yamada gave flowers to Ms. Kimura.
イーさんに 本を 貸しました。
→ I lent a book to Ms. Lee.
会社へ 電話を かけます。
→ I make a phone call to the company.
#4L7_G4
4. Noun (Person) に もらいます
Sentence Pattern
N (người) に もらいます
To receive from someone. The particle 「に」 indicates the giver. Do not say: someone receives from me. Also used with borrow, learn. You can use 「から」 instead of 「に」, especially when the giver is an organization (like a company or school).
Example Sentences (3)
木村さんは 山田さんに 花を もらいました。
→ Ms. Kimura received flowers from Mr. Yamada.
カリナさんに CDを 借りました。
→ I borrowed a CD from Ms. Karina.
銀行から お金を 借りました。
→ I borrowed money from the bank.
#5L7_G5
5. もう Verb ました
Sentence Pattern
もう Vました
Already did. In a question, it means "Have you done... yet?". To answer negatively, do not use (Verb ませんでした), as that means you did not do it in the past, not that you haven't done it yet. Use いいえ、まだです (No, not yet).
Example Sentences (3)
もう 荷物を 送りましたか。
→ Have you sent the luggage yet?
はい、もう 送りました。
→ Yes, I have already sent it.
いいえ、まだです。
→ No, not yet.
