Minna no Nihongo Grammar Lesson 10: Existence, locations of people and objects.

Lesson 10: Existence, locations of people and objects.

Beginner 1 (N5)
Minna no Nihongo (Classic) • 7 key grammar patterns
7 key grammar patterns
#1L10_G1

1. Noun + が + あります / います

Sentence Pattern
N + が + あります
N + が + います
To have, to exist.
[あります] is used when N is an inanimate object.
[います] is used when N is a person or an animal.
Example Sentences (2)
私わたしは 新あたらしい 電話でんわが あります。

→ I have a new phone.

妹いもうとが います。

→ I have a younger sister.

#2L10_G2

2. N1 (Place) + に + N2 + が + あります / います

Sentence Pattern
N1 (địa điểm) + に + N2 + が + あります
N1 (địa điểm) + に + N2 + が + います
What/who is where.
N1 is the location where N2 exists, and it is marked by the particle [に].
Example Sentences (2)
私わたしの 部屋へやに 机つくえが あります。

→ There is a desk in my room.

事務所じむしょに ミラーさんが います。

→ Mr. Miller is in the office.

#3L10_G3

3. N (Place) に + 何/誰 + が ありますか / いますか

Sentence Pattern
N (địa điểm) に + 何なに / 誰だれ + が ありますか / いますか
Is there anything/anyone there?
Used to ask what/who is at a specific location.
[だれ] (who) is only used with [います].
Example Sentences (3)
庭にわに 何なにが ありますか。

→ What is in the garden?

庭にわに 誰だれが いますか。

→ Who is in the garden?

桜さくらの 木きが あります。

→ There is a cherry blossom tree.

#4L10_G4

4. N1 は N2 (Place) に あります / います

Sentence Pattern
N1 は N2 (địa điểm) に あります / います
Where someone/something is.
Indicates the location where a person or an object exists.
Example Sentences (2)
田中たなかさんは 事務所じむしょに います。

→ Mr. Tanaka is in the office.

電話でんわは 鞄かばんに あります。

→ The phone is in the bag.

#5L10_G5

5. N1 (Thing/Person/Place) の N2 (Position)

Sentence Pattern
N1 (vật / người / địa điểm) の N2 (vị trí)
Expresses positional relationships such as: うえ (above/on), した (below/under), まえ (front), うしろ (behind), あいだ (between), そと (outside), ひだり (left), みぎ (right), ちかく (near), となり (next to), etc.
Example Sentences (2)
机つくえの 上うえに 花はなが あります。

→ There are flowers on the desk.

駅えきの 前まえに 図書館としょかんが あります。

→ There is a library in front of the station.

#6L10_G6

6. N1 や N2

Sentence Pattern
N1 や N2
N1 and N2 (and others).
[や] is used to connect nouns.
Unlike [と], which lists everything completely, [や] only lists two or more representative items from a larger group.
Example Sentences (2)
机つくえの 上うえに 本ほんや ペンが あります。

→ There are books, pens, etc., on the desk.

私わたしの 鞄かばんの 中なかに 電話でんわや 財布さいふが あります。

→ In my bag, there is a phone, a wallet, etc.

#7L10_G7

7. Word/phrase ですか？

Sentence Pattern
Từ / cụm từ ですか
The particle [か] in this context is used by the speaker to confirm something.
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