飛ぶ
Fly / Jump / Leap
Sora o tori ga jiyū ni tonde iru.
→ Birds are flying freely in the sky.
鳥が飛ぶ
Birds fly
Wataridori ga minami no hō e tonde iku.
→ Migratory birds are flying toward the south.
跳ねる
Splash / Jump / Hop
Doromizu ga hanete, fuku ga yogorete shimatta.
→ Muddy water splashed up and dirtied my clothes.
ウサギが跳ねる
Rabbit hops
Hiroi sōgen de usagi ga genki ni hanete iru.
→ A rabbit is hopping energetically in the wide meadow.
転ぶ
Fall down / Trip / Tumble
Michi de ishi ni tsumazuite koronde shimatta.
→ I tripped on a stone on the road and fell down.
道で転ぶ
Trip on the street / Fall on the road
Isoide hashitte itara, michi de koronde hiza o surimuita.
→ I was running in a hurry, so I tripped on the street and scraped my knee.
転がる
Roll / Tumble
Bōru ga sakamichi o korogatte itta.
→ The ball rolled down the slope.
ボールが道を転がる
Ball rolls down the street
Kodomo no nageta bōru ga michi o korogatte, kuruma no shita ni haitta.
→ The ball the child threw rolled down the street and went under a car.
ちぎる
Tear off / Rip / Pluck
Karendā o chigitte memoyōshi ni suru.
→ Tear off a page from the calendar to use as memo paper.
パンをちぎって食べる
Tear bread and eat it
Ookina furansupan o hitokuchi saizu ni chigitte taberu.
→ Tear a large baguette into bite-sized pieces and eat it.
破る
Tear / Break (a promise/record)
Tegami o yomazu ni yaburisuteta.
→ I tore up the letter without reading it.
紙を破る
Tear paper
Taisetsu na shorui no haitta fūtō o, ukkari yabutte shimatta.
→ I accidentally tore the envelope containing important documents.
約束を破る
Break a promise
Kare wa itsumo yakusoku o yaburu node, daremo shin'yō shite inai.
→ He always breaks his promises, so no one trusts him.
記録を破る
Break a record
Kare wa tsuini sekai kiroku o yaburu kaikyo o nashitogeta.
→ He finally achieved the feat of breaking the world record.
ほえる
Bark / Roar / Howl
Mishiranu hito ga kuru to, uchi no inu wa hageshiku hoeru.
→ My dog barks fiercely when a stranger comes.
犬がほえる
Dog barks
Yonaka ni soto de inu ga hoete ite, me ga samete shimatta.
→ I woke up because a dog was barking outside in the middle of the night.
うなる
Growl / Groan / Moan
Kare wa amari no itasa ni, beddo no ue de unatte ita.
→ He was groaning on the bed because of the extreme pain.
犬が怒ってうなる
Dog growls angrily
Ukkari shippo o fundara, inu ga okotte unarihajimeta.
→ I accidentally stepped on its tail, and the dog started growling angrily.
もれる
Leak / Escape / Be revealed
Gasu ga morete iru kamoshirenai node, mado o akeru.
→ Open the window because gas might be leaking.
ポットがもれている
Pot is leaking
Kono furui potto wa soko kara mizu ga morete iru.
→ This old pot is leaking water from the bottom.
こぼれる
Spill / Overflow
Kyū ni tamatta node, kōhī ga kappu kara koboreta.
→ I stopped suddenly, so the coffee spilled from the cup.
ミルクがこぼれている
Milk is spilled
Tēburu no ue ni miruku ga koborete iru no o fuku.
→ Wipe up the milk spilled on the table.
埋める
Bury / Fill up / Plug
Niwa ni ana o hotte, gomi o umeru.
→ Dig a hole in the garden and bury the garbage.
穴を埋める
Fill a hole / Fill a gap
Kōji ga owatta ato, dōro no ana o kirei ni umeru.
→ After the construction is finished, fill the hole in the road neatly.
ふさぐ
Block / Cover / Plug / Occupy
Taoreta ki ga michi o fusaide ite, tsūkō dekinai.
→ A fallen tree is blocking the road, so we can't pass.
耳をふさぐ
Cover one's ears
Ookina oto ga shita node, omowazu ryōte de mimi o fusaida.
→ There was a loud noise, so I instinctively covered my ears with both hands.
つるす
Hang / Suspend
Fūrin o nokishita ni tsurushite, natsu no oto o tanoshimu.
→ Hang a wind chime under the eaves and enjoy the sound of summer.
カーテンをつるす
Hang curtains
Mado ni atarashii kāten o tsurushite, heya no fun'iki o kaeru.
→ Hang new curtains on the window to change the atmosphere of the room.
ぶらさげる
Hang / Dangle / Suspend
Kubi kara mibun shōmeisho o burasagete iru.
→ Wearing an ID card hanging from the neck.
カメラをぶらさげる
Hang a camera (around one's neck)
Kubi kara kamera o burasagete, kankōchi o aruku.
→ Walk around the tourist spot with a camera hanging from my neck.
なめる
Lick / Taste / Underestimate
Kodomo ga peropero to kyandī o namete iru.
→ The child is licking a lollipop.
猫が皿をなめる
Cat licks the plate
Onaka o sukaseta neko ga, miruku no tsuita sara o namete iru.
→ A hungry cat is licking the plate with milk on it.
しゃぶる
Suck / Chew on
Akachan ga jibun no yubi o shabutte iru.
→ The baby is sucking on their finger.
あめをしゃぶる
Suck on candy
Nodo ga itai node, nodoame o yukkuri to shaburu.
→ My throat hurts, so I slowly suck on a throat lozenge.
ずらす
Shift / Slide / Postpone / Reschedule
Hoka no yotei ga haitta node, kaigi no jikan o ichijikan zurashita.
→ Another plan came up, so I pushed back the meeting time by one hour.
予定をずらす
Reschedule / Move the schedule
Konzatsu o jokeru tame ni, shuppatsu no yotei o ichijichi zurasu koto ni shita.
→ To avoid congestion, I decided to shift the departure schedule by one day.
どける
Move aside / Remove / Clear away
Soko ni aru nimotsu o dokete kudasai.
→ Please move the luggage over there aside.
いすをどける
Move the chair aside
Sōji o suru tame ni, tsukue no mawari no isu o dokeru.
→ Move the chairs around the desk aside to clean.
枯れる
Wither / Die (plants) / Mature (skill)
Mizu o yaru no o wasurete, taisetsu na shokubutsu ga karete shimatta.
→ I forgot to water it, and my precious plant withered and died.
木が枯れる
Tree withers / Tree dies
Hidoi hideri tsuzuki de, yama no ki ga karete iru.
→ Due to the severe drought, the trees on the mountain are withering.
しぼむ
Wilt / Fade / Deflate
Asagao no hana ga hiru ni wa shibonde shimatta.
→ The morning glory flower wilted by noon.
花がしぼむ
Flower wilts
Kabin no hana ga shibonde kita node, atarashii hana ni torikaeru.
→ The flowers in the vase have wilted, so I'll replace them with new ones.
傷つく
Get hurt / Be wounded / Be damaged
Hidoi koto o iwarete, kokoro ga fukaku kizutsuita.
→ I was told something terrible, and my heart was deeply hurt.
彼の言葉に傷ついた
Hurt by his words
Shinrai shite ita kare no kotoba ni kizutsuite, namida ga tomaranai.
→ I was hurt by the words of the man I trusted, and I can't stop crying.
傷がつく
Get scratched / Get damaged
Atarashii kagu o hakobu toki ni, yuka ni kizu ga tsuite shimatta.
→ When moving the new furniture, the floor got scratched.
革のバッグに傷がついた
Leather bag got scratched
Tsume o hikkakete, o-kiniiri no kawa no baggu ni kizu ga tsuite.
→ I caught my nail on it, and my favorite leather bag got scratched.
新たにする
Renew / Refresh / Make new
Shinnen o mukaete, kimochi o arata ni suru.
→ Welcoming the New Year, I renew my spirit.
決意を新たにする
Renew one's determination / Reaffirm one's resolve
Mokuhyō o tassei suru tame ni, kyō kara ketsui o arata ni suru.
→ To achieve my goal, I renew my determination starting today.
改める
Change / Alter / Reform / Check
Warui shūkan o aratamete, kenkōteki na seikatsu o okuru.
→ Change bad habits and lead a healthy life.
欠点を改める
Correct one's faults / Fix one's shortcomings
Jibun no ketten o aratamete, motto ii ningen ni naritai.
→ I want to correct my faults and become a better person.
改めて、また来ます
I'll come again another time / I'll come back later
Kyō wa gotabō no yō na node, aratamete, mata kimasu.
→ Since you seem busy today, I'll come again another time.
先に
Ahead / First / Previously
O-saki ni shitsurei shimasu.
→ Excuse me for leaving first.
先に行われた会議
Meeting held earlier / Previous meeting
Saki ni okonawareta kaigi no naiyō o, kessekisha ni hōkoku suru.
→ Report the content of the meeting held earlier to the absentees.
先ほど
A while ago / Just now
Sakihodo, buchō kara denwa ga arimashita yo.
→ There was a call from the department manager a little while ago.
先ほどお電話しましたが・・・
I called a little while ago, but...
Sakihodo o-denwa shimashita ga, o-hanashichū deshita node, aratamete kakenaoshimashita.
→ I called a little while ago, but the line was busy, so I'm calling back now.