すべて
All / Everything / Entirely
Mondai wa subete kaiketsu shita.
→ All problems have been resolved.
すべての学生
All students
Subete no gakusei ga shiken ni sanka shinakereba naranai.
→ All students must take the exam.
あらゆる
Every / All / All possible
Arayuru kanōsei o kangueru.
→ Consider every possibility.
あらゆる場合
In every case / In all cases
Arayuru baai o sōtei shite junbi suru.
→ Prepare assuming every possible scenario.
第一
First of all / Above all / Primary
Kenkō ga daiichi da.
→ Health comes first.
旅行に行けない。第一お金がない
I can't travel. First of all, I have no money
Isogashii shi, daiichi okane ga nai kara kaigai ryokō nante muri da.
→ I'm busy, and above all, I have no money, so traveling abroad is impossible.
真っ先に
First / First of all / Straightaway
Kaji no toki wa, massaki ni nigete kudasai.
→ In case of fire, please escape first thing.
真っ先に家に帰る
Go straight home first
Shigoto ga owattara, massaki ni ie ni kaeru.
→ When work is finished, I will go straight home first.
以前
Previously / Before / Formerly
Izen, kare ni aatta koto ga aru.
→ I have met him before.
私は以前サラリーマンだった
I used to be a salaryman
Watashi wa izen sararīman datta ga, ima wa jibun no mise o motte iru.
→ I used to be a salaryman, but now I have my own shop.
かつて
Once / Formerly / In the past
Koko ni wa katsute ōkina hashi ga atta.
→ There once was a large bridge here.
ここはかつてにぎやかだった
This place used to be lively
Kono shōtengai wa katsute nigiyaka datta ga, ima wa shizuka da.
→ This shopping street used to be lively, but now it is quiet.
単に
Simply / Merely
Sore wa tan ni watashi no kojinteki na iken desu.
→ That is simply my personal opinion.
原因は、単に不注意だったということだ
The cause was simply carelessness
Ookina jiko ni natta ga, gen'in wa tan ni fuchūi datta to iu koto da.
→ It turned into a big accident, but the cause was simply carelessness.
単なる不注意
Mere carelessness / Sheer carelessness
Tan'naru fuchūi de wa sumasarenai mondai da.
→ This is a problem that cannot be dismissed as mere carelessness.
ただ
Just / Only / Mere / Ordinary
Tada no kaze da to omotte itara, haien datta.
→ I thought it was just a cold, but it was pneumonia.
ただの人
Ordinary person / Regular person
Kare wa yūmei na kashu da ga, fudan wa tada no hito da.
→ He is a famous singer, but normally he is just an ordinary person.
まね
Imitation / Mimicry / Pretending
Hito no mane bakari shite wa ikenai.
→ You shouldn't just copy other people all the time.
鳥の鳴き声のまねをする
Mimic a bird's cry
Kare wa tori no nakigoe no mane o suru no ga jōzu da.
→ He is good at mimicking bird calls.
ばかなまねをする
Act foolishly / Do something stupid
Hitomae de baka na mane o suru no wa yamenasai.
→ Stop acting foolishly in front of people.
ふり
Pretence / Feigning
Shiranai furi o shite tōrisugita.
→ I pretended not to know and walked past.
寝たふりをする
Pretend to be asleep
Shikarareru no ga iya de, neta furi o shita.
→ I didn't want to get scolded, so I pretended to be asleep.
必死に
Desperately / Frantically / For dear life
Gōkaku suru tame ni hisshi ni benkyō shita.
→ I studied desperately to pass.
必死に否定する
Deny desperately
Kare wa uwasa o hisshi ni hitei shita ga, daredemo shinjinakatta.
→ He desperately denied the rumors, but no one believed him.
無理に
Forcibly / Against one's will / Unreasonably
Muri ni tabenakute mo ii desu yo.
→ You don't have to force yourself to eat.
無理やり
Forcibly / By force / Against will
Iyagaru kodomo ni, muriyari kusuri o nomaseru.
→ Make a reluctant child take medicine by force.
無理に引っ張る
Pull forcibly
Omoi nimotsu o muri ni hippatte, koshi o itameta.
→ I pulled the heavy luggage forcibly and hurt my back.
高級な
High-class / Luxury / High-grade
Tamani wa kōkyū na resutoran de shokuji o shitai.
→ Once in a while, I want to dine at a high-class restaurant.
高級ホテル
Luxury hotel
Ryokō de yūmei na kōkyū hoteru ni tomatta.
→ I stayed at a famous luxury hotel during my trip.
上等な
Superior / High quality / First-rate
Jōtō na kiji o tsukatte doresu o tsukuru.
→ Make a dress using high-quality fabric.
上等な服
High-quality clothes / Fine clothing
Kare wa itsumo jōtō na fuku o mi ni tsukete iru.
→ He is always wearing high-quality clothes.
高度な
Advanced / High-level / Sophisticated
Kono shuju ni wa kōdo na gijutsu ga hitsuyō da.
→ This surgery requires advanced skills.
高度な技術
Advanced technology
Nihon no kōdo na gijutsu wa sekai ni hokoreru.
→ Japan's advanced technology is something to be proud of in the world.
高等な
High grade / Advanced
Daigaku de wa kōtō na chishiki o mi ni tsukeru.
→ Acquire advanced knowledge at university.
高等教育
Higher education
Subete no hito ni kōtō kyōiku o ukeru kikai o ataeru.
→ Give everyone the opportunity to receive higher education.
高価な
Expensive / High-priced
Kōka na hōseki o mi ni tsukeru.
→ Wear expensive jewelry.
高価な品物
Expensive item / Valuable goods
Bijutsukan ni wa kōka na shinamono ga takusan tenji sarette iru.
→ Many expensive items are on display in the art museum.
勝手に
Arbitrarily / Without permission / On one's own
Hito no mono o katte ni tsukatte wa ikenai.
→ You must not use other people's things without permission.
勝手に行動するな
Don't act on your own / Don't go off on your own
Gurūpu de no katsudō na node, katte ni kōdō suru na.
→ Since it's a group activity, don't act on your own.
無断で
Without permission / Without notice
Mudan de kesseki shite wa ikenai.
→ You must not be absent without notice.
無断で帰るな
Don't leave without permission
Shigoto ga owatte mo, mudan de kaeru na to chūi sareda.
→ I was warned not to leave without permission even if work is finished.
次々
One after another / Successively
Atarashii aidea ga tsugitsugi to ukabu.
→ New ideas come to mind one after another.
料理が次々に出てくる
Dishes come out one after another
Wankosoba no omise de wa, ryōri ga tsugitsugi ni dete kuru.
→ At Wanko Soba shops, dishes are served one after another.
続々と
One after another / In streams / Continuously
Kaijō ni kankyaku ga zokuzoku to atsumatte iru.
→ Spectators are gathering at the venue one after another.
雑誌が続々と出版される
Magazines are published one after another
Atarashii fasshon zasshi ga zokuzoku to shuppan sareru.
→ New fashion magazines are being published one after another.
案外
Unexpectedly / Surprisingly
Ano hito wa angai shinsetsu da.
→ That person is unexpectedly kind.
これは簡単そうで案外難しい
This looks easy but is unexpectedly difficult
Pazuru wa kantan sō de angai muzukashii.
→ Puzzles look easy but are unexpectedly difficult.
意外
Unexpected / Surprising
Igai na tokoro de kyūyū ni aatta.
→ I met an old friend in an unexpected place.
今年の夏は意外と涼しかった
This summer was unexpectedly cool
Mōsho o yosō shite ita ga, kotoshi no natsu wa igai to suzushikatta.
→ We expected a heatwave, but this summer was unexpectedly cool.
彼らが結婚したのは意外だった
It was surprising that they got married
Kenka bakari shite ita node, kare-ra ga kekkon shita no wa igai datta.
→ Since they were always fighting, it was surprising that they got married.
余計に
Excessively / Even more / Unnecessarily
Sonna koto o iwareru to, yokei ni hara ga tatsu.
→ When told things like that, I get even more angry.
他人より余計に勉強する
Study more than others
Gōkaku shitai nara, tanin yori yokei ni benkyō suru beki da.
→ If you want to pass, you should study more than others.
余分に
Extra / Excess / Spare
Nen no tame, okane o yobun ni motte iku.
→ Just in case, I'll bring extra money.
いつもより余分に食事を作る
Make more food than usual
Kyū na raikyaku ni sonaete, itsumo yori yobun ni shokuji o tsukuru.
→ Prepare extra food compared to usual in preparation for sudden guests.