6 key grammar patterns
#1L14_G1
Part 1 & 2: Verb Groups and Te-form Conjugation
Sentence Pattern
Verbs are divided into 3 groups:
* Group I: Verbs ending in [i-column] + masu.
* Group II: Verbs ending in [e-column] + masu, and special [i-column] verbs (imasu, okimasu, mimasu, etc.).
* Group III: kimasu, shimasu (N-shimasu).
Te-form Conjugation:
* Group I: i, chi, ri → tte / mi, bi, ni → nde / ki, gi → ite, ide / shi → shite. (Exception: ikimasu → itte).
* Group II: V-masu → V-te.
* Group III: kimasu → kite / shimasu → shite.
* Group I: Verbs ending in [i-column] + masu.
* Group II: Verbs ending in [e-column] + masu, and special [i-column] verbs (imasu, okimasu, mimasu, etc.).
* Group III: kimasu, shimasu (N-shimasu).
Te-form Conjugation:
* Group I: i, chi, ri → tte / mi, bi, ni → nde / ki, gi → ite, ide / shi → shite. (Exception: ikimasu → itte).
* Group II: V-masu → V-te.
* Group III: kimasu → kite / shimasu → shite.
#2L14_G2
Part 3: ~Vて ください
Sentence Pattern
Vて ください
Structure: Vて ください (Please do ~).
This structure is used to request or instruct someone to do something. It is often preceded by 'すみませんが' (Excuse me, but...) to make the request more polite.
This structure is used to request or instruct someone to do something. It is often preceded by 'すみませんが' (Excuse me, but...) to make the request more polite.
Example Sentences (2)
A: すみません、でんきを つけてください。
B: はい。
B: はい。
→ A: Excuse me, please turn on the light. B: Yes.
A: みなさん、ここに なまえを かいてください。
B: はい。
B: はい。
→ A: Everyone, please write your names here. B: Yes.
#3L14_G3
Part 4 & 5: How to use V方(かた)
Sentence Pattern
V方 / N の V方
Structure: Vます (drop ます) + 方 .
V方 functions as a noun meaning 'how to do ~'. When used with an object, the structure becomes Nの V方 (how to V [N]).
V
Example Sentences (2)
A: 山田さんの 家で 何をしましたか。
B: 私は 山田さんに 日本料理の 作り方 を習いました。
B: 私は 山田さんに 日本料理の 作り方 を習いました。
→ A: What did you do at Ms. Yamada's house? B: I learned how to cook Japanese food from Ms. Yamada.
ナムさんは 名前の つけ方の 本を 読みます。
→ Nam reads a book on how to give names.
#4L14_G4
Part 6: ~Vましょうか (Shall I...?)
Sentence Pattern
Vましょうか
Structure: Vましょうか (Shall I do ~?).
Used to offer assistance or to do something for the other person. Responses can be お願 いします (Yes, please) or けっこうです (No, thank you / I'm fine).
Used to offer assistance or to do something for the other person. Responses can be お
Example Sentences (2)
A: 写真を とりましょうか。
B: ええ、お願いします。
B: ええ、お願いします。
→ A: Shall I take a picture? B: Yes, please.
A: ジュースを 買いましょうね。
B: ええ、いいですよ。ありがとう。
B: ええ、いいですよ。ありがとう。
→ A: Let me buy you some juice. B: Yeah, that would be nice. Thank you.
#5L14_G5
Part 7: ~Vています (Currently doing ~)
Sentence Pattern
N を V ています
Structure: N を V ています (Am/is/are doing ~).
Describes an action currently in progress at the time of speaking. Often used with the word今 (ima), meaning 'now'.
Describes an action currently in progress at the time of speaking. Often used with the word
Example Sentences (2)
A: 何を していますか。
B: 新聞を 読んでいます。
B: 新聞を 読んでいます。
→ A: What are you doing? B: I am reading the newspaper.
A: ナムさん、今 どこですか
B: 駅の前で まっていますよ。
B: 駅の前で まっていますよ。
→ A: Nam, where are you now? B: I'm waiting in front of the station.
#6L14_G6
Part 8: N が V (Describing natural phenomena)
Sentence Pattern
N が V
Structure: N が V.
This structure is used to describe natural phenomena perceived by the senses, or to convey an objective fact.
This structure is used to describe natural phenomena perceived by the senses, or to convey an objective fact.
Example Sentences (2)
あめが ふっています。
→ It is raining.
ミラーさんが いませんね。
→ Mr. Miller is not here, is he?
