5 key grammar patterns
#1L21_G1
Part 1: ～と 思(おも)います (I think that ~)
Sentence Pattern
～と 思 います
Used to ask about or express personal opinions and judgments regarding a matter.
Often used with: Nについて どう思 いますか (What do you think about N?).
Often used with: Nについて どう
Example Sentences (2)
A: 箱の中に何がいますか。
B: ねずみ が いると 思います。 あけましょうね。
B: ねずみ が いると 思います。 あけましょうね。
→ A: What is in the box? B: I think there is a mouse. Let me open it.
A: ナムさんに ついて どう 思いますか。
B: ナムさんは ハンサムで、 親切だと 思います。
B: ナムさんは ハンサムで、 親切だと 思います。
→ A: What do you think about Nam? B: I think Nam is both handsome and kind.
#2L21_G2
Part 2: ～と 言(い)います (Say that ~)
Sentence Pattern
～と 言 います
Used to report or quote what someone said.
Since it is usually reporting past speech, it is often used in the past tense:言 いました (said that...).
Since it is usually reporting past speech, it is often used in the past tense:
Example Sentences (4)
田中さんは 今晩 出かけると 言いました。
→ Mr. Tanaka said he would go out tonight (Indirect quote).
田中さんは 「今晩 私は 出かけます」 と 言いました。
→ Mr. Tanaka said: "I will go out tonight" (Direct quote).
ミラーさんは 今日、 早く 家へ 帰らなければならないと 言いました。
→ Miller said he has to go home early today. (Indirect quote).
ミラーさんは 「今日、 私は 早く 家へ 帰らなければなりません」 と 言いました。
→ Miller said, "I have to go home early today" (Direct quote).
#3L21_G3
Part 3: ～でしょう？ (Right? / Isn't it?)
Sentence Pattern
～でしょう？
Used to confirm something the speaker thinks is true, double-check known information, or seek the listener's agreement.
The intonation usually rises at the end of the sentence.
The intonation usually rises at the end of the sentence.
Example Sentences (2)
このりんご、 おいしいでしょう？
→ This apple is delicious, isn't it?
あした パーティーが あるでしょう？
→ There is a party tomorrow, right?
#4L21_G4
Part 4: ～で Nが あります (N is held/occurs at ~)
Sentence Pattern
～で Nが あります
N represents events, incidents, or occasions that involve actions (e.g., parties, conferences, accidents, disasters).
'あります' is used to mean 'is held' or 'takes place/occurs'. The location where the event happens is marked with the particle で.
'あります' is used to mean 'is held' or 'takes place/occurs'. The location where the event happens is marked with the particle で.
Example Sentences (1)
運動場で サッカーの 試合が あります。
→ A soccer match is held at the sports ground.
#5L21_G5
Part 5: ～でも (Such as / Or something)
Sentence Pattern
～は Nでも ～
Used to offer a suggestion or give a typical example from a group.
It is used when you want to propose, suggest something, or express a desire to others.
It is used when you want to propose, suggest something, or express a desire to others.
Example Sentences (1)
ちょっと ビールでも 飲みませんか。
→ Shall we drink something like beer?
