Minna no Nihongo (New Edition) Grammar Lesson 5: Movement, transportation, dates.

Lesson 5: Movement, transportation, dates.

Beginner 1 (N5)
Minna no Nihongo (New Edition) • 10 key grammar patterns
10 key grammar patterns
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Part 1: Verbs for Go, Come, and Return

Sentence Pattern
行いきます / 来きます / 帰かえります
[行いきます]: to go.
[来きます]: to come.
[帰かえります]: to return / go home.
[来きます] is used when moving toward the speaker's current location.
[帰かえります] is only used when returning to a familiar or belonging place, such as one's home, hometown, or home country.
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Part 2: Particle へ

Sentence Pattern
N へ 行いきます / 来きます / 帰かえります
N (Place) + へ + 行いきます / 来きます / 帰かえります.
[へ] (pronounced 'e'): used to indicate direction or destination. It is usually placed after a place noun and followed by verbs of movement.
Example Sentences (2)
A: きのう どこへ 行いきましたか。
B: 図書館としょかんへ 行いきました。

→ A: Where did you go yesterday? B: I went to the library.

A: あした どこへ 行いきますか。
B: 恋人こいびとの うちへ 行いきます。

→ A: Where are you going tomorrow? B: I am going to my boyfriend's/girlfriend's house.

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Part 3: Particle も for Strong Negation

Sentence Pattern
～も ～ません
[も ～ません]: neither ~ nor / not ~ at all.
Used to strongly emphasize a complete negation.
Example Sentences (2)
A: 今週こんしゅうの 日曜日にちようび どこへ 行いきますか。
B: いいえ、どこも 行いきません。

→ A: Are you going anywhere this Sunday? B: No, I am going nowhere.

A: 休やすみの日ひ、どこへ 行いきましたか。
B: どこも 行いきませんでした。

→ A: Where did you go on your day off? B: I didn't go anywhere.

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Part 4: Means of Transportation で

Sentence Pattern
何なんで Vますか / N で Vます
N (means) + で + V.
[何なんで]: By what means? How?
The particle [で] is used to indicate the method, tool, or means of transportation.
When walking, we do not use the particle [で], but instead use the word [歩あるいて].
Example Sentences (2)
A: 毎日まいにち 何なんで 学校がっこうへ 行いきますか。
B: 自転車じてんしゃで 学校がっこうへ 行いきます。

→ A: How do you go to school every day? B: I go to school by bicycle.

A: 今晩こんばん 何なんで うちへ 帰かえりますか。
B: 歩あるいて 帰かえります。

→ A: How are you going home tonight? B: I am walking home.

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Part 5: Particle と: Together with

Sentence Pattern
だれと / N と Vます
N (person/animal) + と + V.
[だれと]: With whom?
The particle [と] means doing an action together with another person (or a pet).
When performing an action alone, you do not use the particle [と]. Instead, you use the phrase [一人ひとりで].
Example Sentences (2)
A: 今週こんしゅうの 日曜日にちようび、だれと 公園こうえんへ 行いきますか。
B: 家族かぞくと 行いきます。

→ A: Who are you going to the park with this Sunday? B: I am going with my family.

A: 毎日まいにち だれと 学校がっこうへ 行いきますか。
B: 一人ひとりで 学校がっこうへ 行いきます。

→ A: Who do you go to school with every day? B: I go to school by myself.

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Part 6: Some Adverbs of Time

Sentence Pattern
時間じかんの副詞ふくし (phó từ chỉ thời gian)
Vocabulary indicating time (today, tomorrow, next week...).
For time nouns that do not include specific numbers (today, tomorrow, last year, etc.), the particle [に] is NOT used after them.
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Part 7: Counting Days and Months

Sentence Pattern
何月なんがつ / 何日なんにち
[何月なんがつ]: What month?
[何日なんにち]: What day?
Dates are expressed in the following order in Japanese: Year / Month / Day / Day of the week.
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Part 8: Time Interrogative いつ

Sentence Pattern
いつ Vますか
[いつ]: When?
Used to ask about time. It is not followed by the particle [に].
Example Sentences (2)
A: あなたの 誕生日たんじょうびは いつですか。
B: 7月しちがつ 20日はつかです。

→ A: When is your birthday? B: It's July 20th.

A: いつ 日本にほんへ 行いきますか。
B: 今年ことしの 4月しがつに 日本にほんへ 行いきます。

→ A: When are you going to Japan? B: I am going to Japan in April this year.

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Part 9: ～よ: you know / I tell you

Sentence Pattern
～よ
[～よ。] at the end of a sentence: ~you know / I tell you.
[～よ] emphasizes certain information to the listener.
Example Sentences (1)
A: この 電車でんしゃは 甲子園こうしえんへ 行いきますか。
B: いいえ、行いきません。次つぎの 「普通ふつう」ですよ。

→ A: Does this train go to Koshien? B: No, it doesn't. It's the next 'local' train, you know.

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Part 10: そうですね

Sentence Pattern
そうですね
[そうですね] Is that so / Let me see.
[そうですね] expresses agreement and empathy with what the other person says.
[そうですね] agrees/empathizes with what you already know vs [そうですか] grasps new information that you didn't know.
Example Sentences (1)
A: あしたは 休やすみですね。
B: あ、そうですね。

→ A: Tomorrow is a day off, isn't it? B: Ah, that's right.

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