7 key grammar patterns
#1L7_G1
Part 1: N (Tool/Means) で V
Sentence Pattern
N で V
N (Tool/Means) で V
[～は N1で N2を V]: Doing V to N2 by means of N1.
[何 で] (nande): By what means / How?
The particle [で] (de): by, by means of, with. It is used to indicate the method, tool, or means used to perform an action.
[～は N1で N2を V]: Doing V to N2 by means of N1.
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The particle [で] (de): by, by means of, with. It is used to indicate the method, tool, or means used to perform an action.
Example Sentences (2)
ベトナム人は はしで ごはんを たべます。
→ Vietnamese people eat rice with chopsticks.
A: なんで レポートを おくりましたか。
B: Eメールで おくりました。
B: Eメールで おくりました。
→ A: How did you send the report? B: I sent it by email.
#2L7_G2
Part 2: “Word/Sentence” は ～語(ご)で 何(なん)ですか
Sentence Pattern
～は ～語 で 何 ですか
“Word/Sentence” は ～語 で 何 ですか
Used to ask how a specific word or phrase is said in another language.
Used to ask how a specific word or phrase is said in another language.
Example Sentences (2)
A: これは 日本語で 何ですか。
B: 「パソコン」です。
B: 「パソコン」です。
→ A: How do you say this in Japanese? B: It is "pasokon".
A: 「ありがとう」は 英語で 何ですか。
B: 「Thank you」です。
B: 「Thank you」です。
→ A: How do you say "Arigatou" in English? B: It is "Thank you".
#3L7_G3
Part 3: N1 に N2 を V
Sentence Pattern
N1 に N2 を V
N1 に N2 を V
[に] (ni): Indicates the target or recipient of a one-way action (e.g., writing to someone, calling someone).
[に] (ni): Indicates the target or recipient of a one-way action (e.g., writing to someone, calling someone).
Example Sentences (2)
わたしは かみに なまえを かきます。
→ I write my name on the paper.
こんばん ははに でんわを かけます。
→ I will call my mother tonight.
#4L7_G4
Part 4: あげます (To give)
Sentence Pattern
あげます
[あげます] (agemasu): To give or present.
Used when someone gives something to someone else.
It is NOT used when someone gives something to the speaker.
Used when someone gives something to someone else.
It is NOT used when someone gives something to the speaker.
Example Sentences (2)
わたしは ともだちに えんぴつを あげました。
→ I gave a pencil to my friend.
まつもとさんは はらだせんせいに フランスのワインを あげました。
→ Ms. Matsumoto gave French wine to Professor Harada.
#5L7_G5
Part 5: くれます (To give to me)
Sentence Pattern
くれます
[くれます] (kuremasu): To give (to me or my family members).
Only used when someone else gives something to the speaker or the speaker's family (father, mother, older sister, older brother, younger brother, younger sister, etc.).
"私 に" (to me) can often be omitted, forming: N1が Nを くれました (N1 gave me N).
Only used when someone else gives something to the speaker or the speaker's family (father, mother, older sister, older brother, younger brother, younger sister, etc.).
"
Example Sentences (2)
せんせいは わたしに ほんを くれました。
→ The teacher gave me a book.
ちちは わたしに とけいを くれました。
→ My father gave me a watch.
#6L7_G6
Part 6: もらいます (To receive)
Sentence Pattern
もらいます
[もらいます] (moraimasu): To receive.
Used when someone receives something from someone else.
Do NOT use [もらいます] to say that someone else received something from the speaker (you).
Used when someone receives something from someone else.
Do NOT use [もらいます] to say that someone else received something from the speaker (you).
Example Sentences (2)
わたしは ちちに とけいを もらいました。
→ I received a watch from my father.
ナムさんは せんせいに じしょを もらいました。
→ Nam received a dictionary from the teacher.
#7L7_G7
Part 7: もう ～ Vました / まだ ～ Vません
Sentence Pattern
もう Vました / まだ Vません
もう ～ Vました / まだ ～ Vません
[もう ～ Vました]: already ~ed.
[まだ ～ Vません]: not yet ~ed.
Using just [Vません] implies a definitive refusal to do the action, but adding [まだ] (mada) before it means the action hasn't been done yet but might be done in the future.
[もう ～ Vました]: already ~ed.
[まだ ～ Vません]: not yet ~ed.
Using just [Vません] implies a definitive refusal to do the action, but adding [まだ] (mada) before it means the action hasn't been done yet but might be done in the future.
Example Sentences (2)
A: もう ひるごはんを たべましたか。
B: はい、もう たべました。
B: はい、もう たべました。
→ A: Have you eaten lunch already? B: Yes, I have already eaten.
A: テレーザちゃんは もう ねましたか。
B: いいえ、まだです。
B: いいえ、まだです。
→ A: Has little Teresa gone to sleep already? B: No, not yet.
