Part 1: Confirmation Question ~は Nですか
To answer negatively, use いいえ、
B: はい、そうです。
→ A: Is this a newspaper? B: Yes, it is.
B: いいえ、二十歳です。
→ A: Are you 18 years old? B: No, I am 20.
B: いいえ、違います。
→ A: Is that a mechanical pencil? B: No, it's not.
Part 2: Choice Question ~か、~か
For this type of question, you typically answer by selecting one of the options provided by the speaker.
B: 新聞です。
→ A: Is this a newspaper or a magazine? B: It is a newspaper.
B: 私は 二十歳です。
→ A: Are you 18 or 20 years old? B: I am 20.
Part 3: This, That, That over there
このN、そのN、あのN can be used for both people and things. They must always be followed by a N.
これ、このN are used for items close to the speaker.
それ、そのN are used for items far from the speaker but close to the listener.
あれ、あのN are used for items far from both the speaker and the listener.
→ This is an umbrella.
→ That over there is Mr. Tanaka's car.
→ That person over there is Mr. Yamada.
→ This book is not a Japanese book.
Part 4: N2の N1 – Interrogative 何(なん)
N2 is usually a word indicating the nature or category.
B: 日本語の 本です。
→ A: What kind of book is this? B: It is a Japanese book.
→ Mr. Yamada is a male teacher.
Part 5: N2の N1 – Interrogative 誰(だれ)
N2 is usually a word indicating a person.
B: 私の 本です。
→ A: Whose book is this? B: It is my book.
→ That over there is Mr. Tanaka's dictionary.
Part 6: Omission of N1 in N2の N1
✖ N2 + のです。 (When N1 is a person)
N2のです means: N2's / belongs to N2.
In the pattern N2の N1です, N1 can be omitted (leaving N2のです) if N1 has already been mentioned and is an object.
の can only replace N referring to things, never N referring to people.
B: ミラーさんのです。
→ A: Whose book is that? B: It's Mr. Miller's.
B: いいえ、私のじゃ ありません。
→ A: Is this bag yours? B: No, it is not mine.
B: はい、IMCの 社員です。
→ A: Is Mr. Miller an employee of IMC? B: Yes, he is an employee of IMC.
Part 7: そうですか
Used when the speaker receives new information and expresses understanding or acknowledgment.
Even though it ends with か, it is not a question but rather an exclamation.
そうですか is pronounced with a falling intonation at the end.
B: いいえ、違います。佐藤さんのです。
A: そうですか。
→ A: Is this umbrella yours? B: No, it's not. It's Ms. Sato's. A: I see.