Part 1: How to conjugate verbs into the Imperative Form
Group II: Vmasu → Vro
Group III: kimasu → koi, shimasu → shiro
Note: Stative verbs like 「ある」, 「できる」, 「わかる」... do not have an imperative form.
Part 2: How to conjugate verbs into the Prohibitive Form
Part 3: How to use the Imperative and Prohibitive Forms
Used for giving commands in drills, sports activities, and emergency situations.
Used for cheering in sports...
Used in signs, prohibition notices...
→ Emergency exit, hurry!
B: がんばれ!あと 1000メートルだ。
→ A: It's no use. I can't run anymore. B: Hang in there! Just 1000 meters left.
→ Do not park the car.
→ Do not take pictures.
Part 4: ~Vなさい
Usually used when parents speak to children, teachers to students, etc. It cannot be used with superiors.
→ Study.
→ Eat.
Part 5: ~と 読(よ)みます : read as ~ / ~と 書(か)いてあります : it says ~
~と
B: 「使用禁止」と書いてあります。
→ A: What does it say over there? B: It says "Do Not Use".
B: 「えいぎょうちゅう」と 読みます。
→ A: How do you read that kanji? B: It is read as "eigyouchu".
Part 6: ~という意味(いみ)です : It means ~
B: 使うなと いう意味です。
→ A: What does this kanji mean? B: It means "Do not use".
B: 洗濯機で洗えると いう 意味です。
→ A: What does this mark mean? B: It means it can be washed in a washing machine.
Part 7: ~と 言(い)っていました : ~ said that ~
• ~と
• ~と
A: 田中さんは なんと 言っていましたか。
B: お弁当を 買いに行くと 言っていました。
→ Tanaka: I'm going to buy a bento. A: What did Mr. Tanaka say? B: He said he's going to buy a bento.
B: 今 出かけています。30分ぐらいで 戻ると 言っていました。
→ A: Is Mr. Yamada here? B: He's out right now. He said he would be back in about 30 minutes.
Part 8: ~と 伝(つた)えて いただけませんか : Could you please pass on the message that ~?
B: 分かりました。 6時からですね。
→ A: Excuse me, could you please tell Watanabe that tomorrow's party starts at 6 o'clock? B: I understand. Starting at 6 o'clock, right.
B: はい、分かりました。
→ A: Excuse me, could you please tell the teacher that I can't go to Judo practice today? B: Yes, I understand.