Part 1: Vてある: There is ~
Expresses a state with a purpose, the result of an intentional action.
ドアが あけてあります。
→ Open the door. The door is open (intentionally).
→ A stamp is put on the envelope.
Part 2: Distinguishing V他(た)てある and V自(じ)ている
→ Since the fish is already cut on the plate, let's make sashimi now.
B: ケーキは もう テーブルに おいてありますよ。
→ A: Where is the cake? B: The cake is already on the table.
Part 3: ～Vておく
1. To prepare in advance.
2. To handle a situation after performing an action, or to provide a temporary solution.
3. To keep or maintain a certain state.
Note: The verb おく can be conjugated into appropriate forms.
B: 資料を コピーしておきます。
→ A: What should I prepare before the meeting? B: I'll make copies of the documents in advance.
B: ホテルを 予約しておいたら いいですよ。
→ A: What should I do before going on a trip? B: It would be good to book a hotel in advance.
B: 読んだら、本棚に 戻しておいてください。
→ A: What should I do with this book? B: After you read it, please put it back on the bookshelf.
B: 元の所に しまっておいてください。
→ A: Where should I put the knife and fork away? B: Please put them back where they were.
B: もうすぐ会社に行く時間ですから、そのままに しておいてください。
→ A: Shall I tidy up? B: Since it's almost time to go to work, please just leave it as it is.
B: すみません、ちょっとあついですから、そのままあけておいてください。
→ A: Is it okay if I close the window? B: I'm sorry, it's a little hot, so please leave it open as it is.
Part 4: まだ～Vている: still ~
Expresses a state or an action that is still continuing.
B: いいえ、まだ ふっていますよ。
→ A: Has the rain stopped already? B: No, it is still raining.
B: いいえ、まだ 使っていますから そのままにして おいて ください。
→ A: Shall I put these scissors away? B: No, I'm still using them, so please just leave them as they are.
