4 key grammar patterns

#1L25_G1

Sentence Pattern

Vた + ら

Meaning: If ~

Hypothetical condition. Often used with もし (moshi). Conjugate everything to the past tense and add ら.

Example Sentences (2)

① A: もしお金かねがあったら、何なにをしたいですか。
B: もしお金かねがあったら、新あたらしい車くるまを買かいたいです。

→ ① A: If you had money, what would you want to do? B: If I had money, I would want to buy a new car.

② もし暇ひまだったら、海うみへ釣つりをしに行いきたいです。

→ ② If I have free time, I want to go fishing at the sea.

#2L25_G2

Sentence Pattern

Vた + ら、～

Meaning: When / After ~

V1たら、V2: Emphasizes that when V1 is completed, V2 will definitely happen.

Example Sentences (2)

① 12時12じになったら、昼ひるごはんを食たべます。

→ ① When it becomes 12 o'clock, I will eat lunch.

② A: 卒業したら、何をしますか。② A: そつぎょうしたら、なにをしますか。
B: 卒業そつぎょうしたら、結婚けっこんしたいと思おもいます。

→ ② A: What will you do after you graduate? B: After I graduate, I want to get married.

#3L25_G3

Sentence Pattern

Vて + も

Meaning: Even if ~

Conjugate everything to the て-form + も. Often used with いくら (ikura) to emphasize "No matter how much ~"

Example Sentences (2)

① いくら痛いたくても、歯医者はいしゃの所ところへ行いきたくないです。

→ ① No matter how much it hurts, I don't want to go to the dentist.

② 毎朝まいあさ、雨あめが降ふっても、ハイキングをしています。

→ ② Every morning, even if it rains, I go hiking.

#4L25_G4

Sentence Pattern

が

In subordinate clauses with ~てから,～とき,～と,～まえに,～たら,～ても…, the subject is indicated by the particle **が**.

Example Sentences (3)

① 友達ともだちが来くるまえに、部屋へやを掃除そうじします。

→ ① Before my friend comes over, I will clean the room.

② 妻つまが病気びょうきのとき、会社かいしゃを休やすみます。

→ ② When my wife is sick, I take time off from work.

③ 友達ともだちが約束やくそくの時間じかんに来こなかったら、どうしますか。

→ ③ If your friend doesn't come at the promised time, what will you do?

Minna no Nihongo (New Edition) Grammar Lesson 25: Tara conditional form (If, after) and Temo (Even though).